曾晨军,莫康乐,关铁生,等. 水库泄水总溶解气体过饱和对鱼类的危害[J]. 水利水运工程学报,2020(6):32-41. doi: 10.12170/20200731002
引用本文: 曾晨军,莫康乐,关铁生,等. 水库泄水总溶解气体过饱和对鱼类的危害[J]. 水利水运工程学报,2020(6):32-41. doi: 10.12170/20200731002
(ZENG Chenjun, MO Kangle, GUAN Tiesheng, et al. Effect of total dissolved gas supersaturation on fish in the reservoir between cascade hydropower stations[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2020(6): 32-41. (in Chinese)). doi: 10.12170/20200731002
Citation: (ZENG Chenjun, MO Kangle, GUAN Tiesheng, et al. Effect of total dissolved gas supersaturation on fish in the reservoir between cascade hydropower stations[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2020(6): 32-41. (in Chinese)). doi: 10.12170/20200731002

水库泄水总溶解气体过饱和对鱼类的危害

Effect of total dissolved gas supersaturation on fish in the reservoir between cascade hydropower stations

  • 摘要: 水库建设促进了库区渔业养殖的发展,但高坝大库泄水导致的总溶解气体(Total Dissolved Gas, TDG)过饱和可能导致下游河道尤其下一梯级水库的鱼类患气泡病甚至死亡。为探究TDG过饱和对鱼类的胁迫效应,以金沙江梯级电站溪洛渡至向家坝江段为研究对象,构建立面二维TDG动态模型,推求库区控制断面的安全水深阈值,结合库区主要鱼类生活习性和网箱养殖深度,研究TDG过饱和对野生鱼类和网箱养殖鱼类的胁迫效应。结果表明:梯级电站库区的野生鱼类具有足够的垂向空间进行深度补偿以规避TDG过饱和的危害,其生活习性以及利用深度补偿的能力决定了受过饱和TDG胁迫的程度;但养殖鱼类受网箱限制难以自由下潜至安全水深,为保证养殖鱼类的安全,网箱深度至少应大于安全水深阈值,在TDG过饱和胁迫期,鱼类的游泳水深应持续限制在安全水深阈值以下。对于具有利用深度补偿能力的鱼类,梯级电站的库区比最后一个梯级的下游河道更安全,需要对最后一级电站实施比中间梯级更严格的坝下近区TDG饱和度限制标准。

     

    Abstract: The construction of reservoirs promotes the development of fishery, but discharge from high dam leads to the generation of total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation, which is detrimental to the fish in downstream reservoirs and may cause gas bubble disease (GBD). To investigate the effect of TDG supersaturation on fish in the Xiangjiaba Reservoir on the Jinshajiang River, a laterally averaged dynamic model for TDG transport was established, and the threshold of safe depth for the control section was investigated. Then the impact of TDG supersaturation on wild freshwater fish and cage-culture fish was studied based on habits and net cage depth. The results show that: the reservoir provides enough vertical space for wild freshwater fish to swim and acquire hydrostatic compensation to avoid GBD, and the risk of fish suffering from TDG supersaturation depends on the fish habits and the ability of utilizing hydrostatic compensation. For the limit of net cage depth, cage-culture fish have no enough vertical space to swim to safety depth. In order to avoid fish suffering from GBD, the net cage depth should be deeper than the threshold of safe depth, and the fish should be kept swimming under the threshold of safe depth during the period of TDG supersaturation. The reservoir between cascade hydropower stations is safer than the reach downstream of the last cascade hydropower station, and it is necessary to set a most strict TDG limitation standard for the last cascade hydropower station.

     

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