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Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of evapotranspiration in the Huang-Huai-Hai River basin
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摘要: 蒸散发是气候系统能量循环和水分循环的关键要素，探究黄淮海流域实际蒸散发的演变规律及其影响因素对深入理解该区域水循环对气候变化的响应具有重要意义。基于1980—2018年黄淮海流域的GLEAM蒸散发产品数据、气象数据和NDVI数据，采用线性回归法、Mann-Kendall检验及相关性分析等方法，分析了实际蒸散发的时空演变规律及其影响因素。结果表明：GLEAM产品的计算值在黄淮海流域的验证精度较好，流域内多年平均实际蒸散发量为474 mm，呈显著上升趋势。实际蒸散发的空间变化范围是183~708 mm，空间差异显著，呈现从东南向西北方向递减的趋势，季节的空间分布与年际分布特征基本一致。实际蒸散发与NDVI均呈显著正相关关系，与降水和气温以正相关关系为主。黄淮海流域降水变化不明显，气温显著升高，NDVI增加是流域内实际蒸散发量显著上升的主要原因。Abstract: Evapotranspiration is a key element connecting the energy cycle and water cycle of the climate system. It is of great significance to explore the evolution of actual evapotranspiration and its influencing factors in the Huang-Huai-Hai (HHH) River basin, which helps to understand the response of the regional water cycle to climate change. To this end, the GLEAM actual evapotranspiration (ET) dataset over the HHH River basin from 1980 to 2018 was collected, together with the parallel Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and station-based meteorological observations (precipitation and air temperature). The linear regression method, Mann-Kendall trend test and correlation analysis methods were used to analyze the variations of ET and its influencing factors in the research area of interest. The results show that: the accuracy of the verification results between the GLEAM products and the reference value in the HHH River basin was better, and the mean annual ET of the HHH River basin was 474 mm, showing a significant upward trend. In terms of the spatial heterogeneity, the mean annual ET ranged from 183 mm to 708 mm, decreasing from southeast to northwest over the HHH River basin, which had a significant difference in spatial patterns. The spatial distribution of ET in each season with significant differences was basically similar to that of ET at annual scale. Actual evapotranspiration value and NDVI value had a significantly positive correlation, but the former had a mainly positive correlation with precipitation and temperature. The precipitation in the HHH River basin showed an insignificant increase trend, while the temperature showed a significant increase trend. The increase in NDVI was the main reason for the significant increase in actual evapotranspiration in the HHH River basin from 1980—2018.
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图 1 黄淮海流域分区及气象站点分布
Figure 1. Zoning of Huang-Huai-Hai River basin and distribution of meteorological stations
图 2 黄淮海流域实际蒸散发参考值与GLEAM产品计算值的比较
Figure 2. Comparison of reference value and calculated value of actual evapotranspiration in Huang-Huai-Hai River basin
图 3 黄淮海流域1980—2018年实际蒸散发年际变化
Figure 3. Changing trend of ET over Huang-Huai-Hai River basin during 1980-2018
图 4 黄淮海流域多年平均年实际蒸散发空间分布
Figure 4. Spatial distribution of annual ET over Huang-Huai-Hai River basin during 1980-2018
图 5 黄淮海流域多年平均季节实际蒸散发空间分布
Figure 5. Spatial distribution of seasonal ET over Huang-Huai-Hai River basin during 1980-2018
图 6 黄淮海流域1980—2018年气象、植被变化率空间分布
Figure 6. Spatial distribution of meteorological and vegetation change rates over Huang-Huai-Hai River basin during 1980-2018
图 7 黄淮海流域实际蒸散发与NDVI、降水量、气温的年际线性相关系数空间分布
Figure 7. Spatial distribution of the annual linear correlation coefficient between ET and NDVI, precipitation, temperature over Huang-Huai-Hai River basin during 1980-2018
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