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Experimental study of ship mooring force under action of landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area
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摘要: 长江是我国最重要的内河航道, 号称“黄金航道”，航道内船舶数量众多，因装卸货物等原因处于锚泊状态的船只十分常见。三峡工程蓄水后，库区滑坡频发，滑坡产生的涌浪很可能使船舶锚链发生断裂，造成巨大的人身伤害和财产损失。目前主要采用理论分析和经验分析的方法对船舶锚链及受力进行研究，物理模型试验的研究分析较少，因而在设计锚链拉力时可能会与实际情况有较大出入。通过岩体滑坡涌浪物理模型试验研究不同工况滑坡体情况下位于滑坡附近河道弯道段和直道段船舶锚链拉力的变化情况，得到涌浪传播过程中船舶首尾锚链拉力的变化规律，分析得到不同波高、周期及水深情况下船舶锚链拉力的变化规律，运用多元回归分析得到最大锚链拉力的经验计算式。研究结果可为三峡库区船舶安全管理提供相应参考。Abstract: The Yangtze River, known as a "golden waterway", is the most important inland waterway in China. There are lots of ships in the waterway, many of which are in the mooring state due to loading or unloading and other reasons. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges project, the landslide occurs frequently in the reservoir area. The landslide-generated surge is likely to make the ship chain broken, which will cause seriours personal injury and property damage. At present, the main methods to study the force on the ship anchor chain are theoretical analysis and empirical analysis methods, while physical model tests are less used. Therefore, the discrepancy of the mooring force may appear betweeen the design situation and the actual situation. Based on the rock landslide physical model test, the researches on the mooring force change of the ships located in the river bend section and the straight segment near the landslide are carried out under different landslide conditions. The change law of the mooring forces near the bow and stern in the surge propagation process is obtained. And the change rules of ship mooring forces under different wave heights, different periods and different water depths are also got. Finally, the maximum mooring force calculation formula is deduced by using the multiple regression analysis method. The results can provide a reference for the safety management of ships in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
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Key words:
- Three Gorges Reservoir area /
- landslide /
- ship mooring /
- mooring force
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图 4 直道段船舶锚链拉力时域图
Figure 4. Time domain chart in straight section of ship mooring force
图 6 弯道段和直道段船舶锚链拉力随波高变化
Figure 6. Changes of ship mooring force of straight section and curved section with wave height variation
图 7 船舶锚链拉力随波浪周期变化
Figure 7. Changes of ship mooring force of straight section and curved section with wave period variation
图 9 船舶锚链最大拉力计算值与试验值对比
Figure 9. Comparison between calculation values and test results of the maximum ship mooring force
表 1 概化滑坡体几何参数
Table 1. Geometric parameters of generalized landslide
滑坡体 宽度/m 厚度/m 长度/m 1 0.5 0.2 1 2 1.0 0.4 1 3 1.5 0.6 1 
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表 2 概化模型滑坡体块体尺寸
Table 2. Size of landslide models
cm 块体编号 长 宽 厚 A1 21 14 6 A2 18 12 5 A3 15 10 4 A4 12 8 3 A5 9 6 2
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表 3 船舶参数统计
Table 3. Ship parameters
船型 船长/m 型深/m 型宽/m 设计吃水/m 方形系数 满载排水量 实体船 90 4 16 3.3 0.8 3 000 t 模型船 1.28 0.057 0.228 0.047 0.8 8 700 g
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表 4 影响因素设计
Table 4. Design of factors and levels
水平 因素 水深/m 宽度/m 厚度/m 滑面倾角/° 1 0.74 0.5 0.5 20 2 0.88 1.0 1.0 40 3 1.16 1.5 1.5 60
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表 5 锚链编号位置
Table 5. Anchor number and position
编号 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# 8# 位置 船首右舷 船首左舷 船尾左舷 船尾右舷 船尾左舷 船尾右舷 船首左舷 船首右舷
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