杨德玮,张文东,盛金保,等. 溃坝洪水避洪转移动态路径优化方法[J]. 水利水运工程学报,2023(2):43-52. doi: 10.12170/20220704001
引用本文: 杨德玮,张文东,盛金保,等. 溃坝洪水避洪转移动态路径优化方法[J]. 水利水运工程学报,2023(2):43-52. doi: 10.12170/20220704001
(YANG Dewei, ZHANG Wendong, SHENG Jinbao, et al. Optimization method of dynamic path for dam-break flood evacuation[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2023(2): 43-52. (in Chinese)). doi: 10.12170/20220704001
Citation: (YANG Dewei, ZHANG Wendong, SHENG Jinbao, et al. Optimization method of dynamic path for dam-break flood evacuation[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2023(2): 43-52. (in Chinese)). doi: 10.12170/20220704001

溃坝洪水避洪转移动态路径优化方法

Optimization method of dynamic path for dam-break flood evacuation

  • 摘要: 现阶段水库大坝安全管理应急预案中避洪转移路径划分采用时间短、距离近等原则,通常为静态路径,无法伴随溃坝洪水演进过程动态化。通过BREACH-MIKE21耦合模型进行溃坝洪水演进模拟,获取溃坝洪水淹没信息,接入路网模型构建环境情景模型。采用蚁群算法优化避洪转移路径,利用增加回溯算法、引入最大最小蚁群系统、改进启发式函数等手段改进算法,提升路径寻优能力和收敛速度;通过逐帧解析洪水淹没要素,将溃坝洪水信息融入算法中,最终得到最优避洪转移路径。仿真试验表明:(1)在同一淹没情景下,改进蚁群算法比基本蚁群算法平均运行时间增长1.6‰,准确率提高32%,收敛次数平均减少10.13次,收敛速度更快、寻优能力更强;(2)改进蚁群算法根据溃坝洪水演进优化得到的最优避洪动态路径比静态路径更安全。研究结果可满足水库大坝安全管理应急预案对避洪转移路径过程动态化的要求,提高应急转移效率,降低溃坝洪水产生的灾害影响。

     

    Abstract: At present, the flood evacuation path in emergency plan for reservoir dam safety management is based on short time and short distance principles, which are usually adopting static paths and cannot dynamically follow the dam-break flood routing. The BREACH-MIKE21 coupling model was used to simulate the dam-break flood routing to obtain the dam-break flood submergement information, and combine the road network model to build an evironmental scenario model. The ant colony algorithm was used to optimize the flood evacuation path, and through adding backtracking, introduce the maximum and minimum ant colony systems, and improve the heuristic function to better the optimization ability and convergence speed. By analyzing flood submergence elements frame by frame, the dam-break flood information was integrated into the algorithm, and the optimal flood evacuation path was finally obtained. The simulation results show that: (1) Under the same inundation scenario, compared with the basic ant colony algorithm, the average running time of the improved ant colony algorithm is increased by 1.6‰, the accuracy is increased by 32%, the average convergence times are reduced by 10.13 times, the convergence speed is faster and the optimization ability is stronger. (2) The optimal dynamic flood avoidance path obtained by the improved ant colony algorithm based on the evolution of dam-break flood is safer than the static path. The results of this study suit the requirements of emergency plan for reservoir dam safety management in the dynamic process of flood avoidance transfer path, and can improve the efficiency of emergency transfer and reduce the impact of dam-break floods.

     

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