Abstract: The riverbed variation caused by the construction of bridges can be divided into the compression scour and local scour. Compared with the local scour, there are few studies on the compression scour. The compression scour makes the section of the bridge site decline integrally, which is adverse to the safety of the bridge pier foundation. On the basis of the summary of the findings given by the previous studies, taking the bridge location scheme of Shiyezhou at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as an example, a prediction model for bridge pier compression scour is established in this study. Firstly, the treatment methods for the bridge pier boundaries under different spatial scales have been explored. Secondly, from the point of view of engineering safety, the selection method of the water-sediment process is put forward for analyzing the water and sediment characteristics in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Finally, the river channel process and the pier compression scour depth in the upstream and downstream of the bridge location are predicted, and compared with the scouring depth of the cross section of the existing bridge site in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, showing that they are basically the same. The simulated results show that the compression scour of the bridge piers determined by the above methods is reasonable, thus providing a technical basis for the buried depth of the pier foundation.