Reviewing research and practice on emergency drill technology for reservoir dam emergencies

Emergency drills for reservoir dams are essential for familiarizing personnel with emergency plans, improving response capabilities, and enhancing overall emergency management. However, current emergency drills primarily focus on the engineering aspects of emergency response, neglecting crucial components such as flood forecasting, incident reporting, information flow, decision-making, on-site operations, and evacuation procedures. Moreover, the evaluation methods for drill effectiveness are lacking. Therefore, there is a need to explore new technologies for emergency drills. This paper systematically reviews the research and practices of emergency drill technology for reservoir dams, both domestically and internationally. It proposes a technical framework considering the discrete nature of emergency response and disposal, based on an analysis of reservoir emergency characteristics. The proposed framework analyzes the emergency response and disposal mechanisms based on factors such as roles, types of disasters, response levels, early warning time, and disposal methods. It establishes an emergency drill framework system with time as the main axis, roles as the central focus, and event development as the driving force. Additionally, the paper constructs an evaluation method and technical standards for emergency drills, aiming to establish a standardized model for conducting and evaluating emergency drills. Leveraging BPMN technology and visualization techniques, an information platform is developed to simulate key aspects of emergency management and provide comprehensive quantitative evaluation results for roles and emergency drills. The ultimate goal is to achieve effective emergency drills and enhance preparedness.