Abstract: The study on the evolution of drought and flood in the Haihe River Basin for the last 500 years can provide a scientific basis for regional flood control and drought relief, disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the dryness/wetness grade data of 11 stations with complete sequence from 1470 to 2000 in the Haihe River Basin, the temporal and spatial evolution of drought and flood has been detected, using the methods of wavelet analysis, power spectrum analysis and empirical orthogonal decomposition. The results show that: (1) the Haihe River Basin has experienced obvious fluctuation of dry (1470－1644) - wet (1645－1898) - dry (1899－2000); (2) from 1470 to 2000, the occurrence of drought/flood has periodicity of 2~7 a, 10.4 a, 19 a, 22 a and 25 a, of which 10.4 a and 22 a are particularly significant; (3) the first mode of EOF analysis is characterized by drought or flood over the whole basin, and its variance contribution rate is 44%. The second mode, explaining 12% of total variance, shows the distribution characteristics of flood-drought-flood (or drought-flood-drought) from west to east.