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Experimental study on external characteristics of vertical axial flow pump
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摘要: 为进一步了解具有蜗壳式出水流道轴流泵装置的外特性，确保泵站完建后的安全稳定运行，以涧沟泵站泵装置模型试验结果为基础，研究了涧沟泵站泵装置的水力性能，并根据试验结果优选该泵站运行方案。试验结果表明：该泵站以叶片角度−2°运行时，流量和扬程均满足设计要求，泵装置可以达到最高效率71.4%；随着扬程逐步增大，流量降幅较小，这符合排涝泵站需长时间大流量排涝的经济性要求；该泵装置汽蚀性能符合设计要求，叶片角度为−4°时，飞逸转速达到最高值，最高值小于2倍的额定转速，飞逸特性优良。此试验泵装置作为排涝泵装置时各项性能较为优异，具备深入研究开发的价值，可为扬程相近、流量较大的排涝工程设计提供参考。Abstract: In order to further study the external characteristics of axial flow pump device with volute outlet channel, ensuring the safe and stable operation of Jiangou pump station after construction, the hydraulic performance of Jiangou pump station was studied based on the model test and its operation scheme of was optimized. The result shows that when the pump station works with the blade angle of −2 °, the pump device could operate with the highest efficiency of 71.4% in which case the flow and head are similar to the designed condition, indicating that it can be used as the designed angle for the future operation of the pump station. With the gradual increase of head, the flow decreases gently which has satisfied the economic requirements of long-time and large flow drainage of the pumping station. Additionally, the cavitation performance of the pump device has met the design requirements and when the blade angle is −4 °, the runaway speed reaches the highest value which is less than twice the rated speed in which case the runaway characteristics are excellent. In conclusion, the performance of the pump device tested is relatively excellent as a drainage pump device which has the great value of in-depth research and development. This study can provide some reference for the design of drainage engineerings with similar heads and large flow rates.
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Key words:
- vertical axial flow pump /
- volute outlet channel /
- model test /
- pump unit
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图 5 模型装置扬程-汽蚀特性关系曲线
Figure 5. Head cavitation characteristic curve of the model device
图 6 原型装置扬程-汽蚀特性关系曲线
Figure 6. Head cavitation characteristic curve of the prototype device
图 7 原型泵装置飞逸转速特性曲线
Figure 7. Runaway speed characteristics curve of prototype pump unit
图 8 压差测流点位置（单位：mm）
Figure 8. Location map of differential pressure flow measuring points (unit: mm)
表 1 泵站试验台测试系统
Table 1. Pump station experimental platform test system
测试系统 系统组成 水力系统 80 m3开敞贮水池 25 m3真空（压力）箱 2.0 m×2.0 m×4.0 m移动式钢箱 25 m3压力箱 φ 500回水管 60 m3水量调节池 测量系统与动力
及控制系统40 kW动力机 30 kW贯流辅助泵及真空泵 270A（英）EUROTHERM DRIVES
LIMITED公司591C直流装置LC60BM-C15F光电编码器 
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表 2 测量仪器及精度
Table 2. Measuring instrument and accuracy
测试参数 测量仪表 精度 流量 LDG-500电磁流量计 δQ=±0.24% 扬程 JC-E110A-EMS4A-92DA差压变送器 δh=±0.10% 轴功率 马达天平测功机 \ 转速 JN338型测功扭矩仪 δn=±0.10% 扭矩 JN338扭矩传感器扭矩仪 δT=±0.10%
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表 3 叶片各设计角度工况下的最优效率
Table 3. Five blade Angle optimal efficiency conditions
叶片角/° 流量/（L·s−1） 扬程/m 装置效率/% 轴功率/kW −4 325.2 5.302 70.12 24.12 −2 335.5 5.679 71.40 26.18 0 350.1 5.846 70.52 28.47 +2 366.5 5.975 69.41 30.95 +4 375.7 6.375 68.51 34.30
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表 4 压差测流试验结果
Table 4. Results of differential pressure flow measurement test
序号 水柱/m 流量/（m3·s−1） 流量系数 1 1.155 0.286 0.266 1 2 1.045 0.273 0.267 1 3 0.975 0.262 0.265 3 4 0.915 0.253 0.264 5 5 0.795 0.236 0.264 7 6 0.680 0.217 0.263 2 7 0.615 0.207 0.264 0 8 0.560 0.197 0.263 3 9 0.530 0.189 0.259 6 10 0.460 0.178 0.262 5 平均 0.264 0
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