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Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic characteristics of single-leaf gate of high-head navigation lock
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摘要: 针对某山区高水头船闸30 m淹没水深下一字闸门的水动力特性进行研究，借助FLUENT软件提供的Realizable k-ε紊流模型对门体启闭过程非恒定流场进行动态模拟，通过建立由二维平面混合网格纵向拉伸成的三维棱柱体网格，结合2.5D重构和弹性光顺动网格法，在降低网格数量、提高计算效率的同时，实现一字闸门启闭全过程三维流场模拟。引入VOF法对自由水面迭代求解，得到一字闸门启闭过程门前后水位差及动水阻力矩变化规律，将计算结果与模型试验进行比较，两者吻合较好。模拟计算发现：门底间隙对闸门运行整个阶段动水阻力矩均有影响，动水阻力矩峰值随门底间隙增大而变小。Abstract: The hydrodynamic characteristics of the single-leaf gate of a high-head navigation lock located at a mountain river are studied in this paper. The submerged water depth of this gate is up to 30 meters. The dynamic simulation of the 3D unsteady flow field during the opening and closing processes of the single-leaf gate is made by using a Realizable k-ε turbulence model on the basis of FLUENT software. The three-dimensional flow field simulation of the whole processes of the gate opening and closing is realized by the aid of 3D prism grids stretched by the 2D hybrid grids, combined with the 2.5D reconstruction and elastic dynamic grid fairing method, reducing the number of grids and improving the efficiency of numerical simulation. The flow pattern around the gate, water level difference between the gate's front and back and the variation law of the hydraulic resisting torque are obtained by introducing the volume of fluid method (VOF) for the water-air two-phase flow into the iteration of calculation. The calculated results coincide well with the test results, which shows that the numerical model is reliable and has a high precision. It is found from the results of numerical solution that the values of the hydraulic resisting torque are influenced by the bottom clearance of the gate during its whole opening and closing processes and the peak value of the hydraulic torque decreases with the increase of the bottom clearance. The simulated results will help to optimize the design of gate structures and reduce the force of the directly-connected hydraulic hoist.
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图 4 动水阻力矩数模计算值与物模实测值对比
Figure 4. Comparison between calculated and measured values of hydraulic torque
图 5 门前后平均水位波动差数模计算值与物模实测值对比
Figure 5. Comparison between calculated and measured values of water level fluctuation
图 6 一字闸门活塞杆匀速开启180 s过程表面流场变化(单位：m/s)
Figure 6. Horizontal flow field past opening gate (unit: m/s)
图 7 一字闸门活塞杆匀速开启180 s过程垂向流场变化(单位：m/s)
Figure 7. Vertical flow field past opening gate (unit: m/s)
图 8 一字闸门活塞杆匀速关闭180 s表面流场变化(单位：m/s)
Figure 8. Horizontal flow field past closing gate (unit: m/s)
图 9 一字闸门活塞杆匀速关闭180 s过程垂向流场变化(单位：m/s)
Figure 9. Vertical flow field past closing gate (unit: m/s)
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