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Numerical analysis of influences of reclamation works on pollutant transportation along Shawang River estuary
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摘要: 河口两侧实施围垦工程改变了河口形态和动力环境，对河口污染物输运也将产生一定影响。以连云港市赣榆县沙枉河口为例，采用平面二维扩散输运模型对河口两侧高滩围垦工程实施前后沙枉河口污染物输运的影响范围进行了数值计算，分析了河口两侧浅滩围垦工程对河口污染物输运范围的影响。分析结果表明，河口两侧浅滩实施围垦工程使得河口过流通道缩窄，具有排放口向深水迁移的效应，有利于河口受污水体向动力较强的深水区稀释；但围垦工程实施使得通道和前沿区域动力改变，当两侧围垦工程前沿水流减弱时，动力变化不利于污染物输运；相反，围垦工程促使前沿水流增加时，动力变化则有利于污染物输运。Abstract: The reclamation works placed on both sides of a river mouth will not only change the river topography and a dynamic environment but also have some influences on the pollutant transportation. Taking the Shawang River estuary situated in the Ganyu county of Lianyungang city, Jiangsu Province, as a case history, the pollutant transportation influenced by the reclamation works placed on both sides of a river mouth before and after construction of the reclamation works is calculated by a 2D convection-dispersion numerical model, and the influences of construction of the reclamation works on the polluted water transportation are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the reclamation works located on both sides of a river mouth may result in narrowing the flow passage and make the mouth extend towards the deep waters, which is favorable to the polluted water dilution and transportation in the deep waters by the action of stronger hydrodynamic force. Meanwhile, as the reclamation works have changed hydrodynamic force in the flow passage and the front, when the hydrodynamic force along the frond of the reclamation works goes weaker, such variation may be unfavorable to the pollutant transportation and dispersion in the waters. On the contrary, the reclamation works make the flow in the passage and the front increase, which would be advantageous to the pollutant transportation in the waters. The numerical calculation results can provide a reference for assessment of the environment impacts given by the reclamation works located at the river mouth.
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图 3 潮位和流速、流向验证
Figure 3. Verification of tidal level, velocity and direction of tidal flow
图 4 沙汪河口COD排放扩散影响(单位：mg/L)
Figure 4. Effect area of COD transport in Shawang estuary (unit: mg/L)
图 5 围垦工程实施后平均流速分布(单位：m/s)
Figure 5. Distribution of averaged velocity of tidal flow with reclamation works (unit: m/s)
图 6 围垦工程实施后平均流速变化(单位：m/s)
Figure 6. Changes in averaged velocity of tidal flow with reclamation works (unit: m/s)
表 1 围垦工程前后沙汪河COD影响范围
Table 1. Effect domain of COD with and without reclamation works
工况 影响范围(与排放口之间的距离)/km 影响面积/km2 一类标准 二类标准 一类标准 二类标准 落潮方向 离岸方向 顺岸(北侧) 顺岸(南侧) 落潮方向 离岸方向 顺岸(北侧) 顺岸(南侧) 围垦前 2.25 2.24 0.78 0.34 2.12 2.11 0.62 0.15 1.34 0.75 北侧围垦 2.59 2.38 1.18 0.37 2.16 2.16 0.74 0.22 1.48 0.85 两侧围垦 3.15 2.94 1.24 - 2.68 2.63 0.85 - 1.74 1.17 
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