Abstract: The winter climate in Northeast China is cold. The ice cap of hydraulic structures such as rivers, canals and reservoirs in winter will produce static ice load acting on hydraulic structures. With the increase of temperature, ice cover plate produces ice temperature expansion force, which will cause damage to hydraulic structures in the field. Due to the long period of field observation and various conditions limiting field observation, in order to study the ice temperature expansion force and influencing factors of ice sheet, the indoor simulation test of ice temperature expansion force was carried out in the low-temperature simulation experiment pool, and the relevant influencing factors such as ice temperature and ice thickness were analyzed. The results show that the expansion force of ice temperature is produced at the stage of temperature rise, and with the increase of temperature, the expansion force of ice temperature tends to increase. When the expansion force of ice temperature reaches its peak, the ice temperature is −1.9 ℃ and the ambient temperature is close to 0 ℃, which is consistent with the field observation results. The maximum expansion force of ice temperature in laboratory test was 118.7 kPa, and the peak value of ice temperature expansion force appeared at 3.5 cm of ice sheet. The maximum ice thickness of the test was 10.65 cm, indicating that the operation point of ice temperature expansion force was at 1/3 of the maximum ice thickness, and the distribution of ice temperature expansion force first increased and then decreased along the distribution of ice thickness.