Abstract: The hydraulic concrete buildings in northwest China are often affected by low temperature frost and salt erosion, so the study of concrete deterioration prediction is of great significance to the life prediction of hydraulic buildings. In order to simulate the damage of hydraulic concrete buildings, the salt freezing test of the concrete test piece was carried out by laboratory method, and the quality and pressure strength with increase of the salt freezing times under 4 kinds of conditions were obtained. The two of these conditions were extracted from the study as the original data. Firstly, we processed these data by the gray residual GM (1,1) model, and established the prediction model. Then, we obtained the correction value of mass and pressure strength by the prediction model. Finally, we predicted the quality and pressure resistance of 150 to 200 salt freezing tests by the gray residual GM (1,1)-Markov model. The results show that the prediction values of quality and pressure strength have less errors than the original values, and in a certain range, the model can be proved to have good effect on the prediction of the deterioration of concrete and the loss of pressure strength.