杭州湾跨海大桥海中平台区海床冲刷特性

Characteristics of seabed scouring around sea platform of Hangzhou Bay Sea-Crossing Bridge

  • 摘要: 杭州湾跨海大桥海中平台位于杭州湾大桥中间位置,海中平台下部群桩结构与平台上游各系列匝道墩、大桥主墩形成了复杂的墩群结构,受其影响,海中平台区域海床冲刷较为剧烈。为深入了解海中平台区海床冲刷特性,应用多年实测地形测量资料,对海中平台区的海床地形特征、建桥前后海床冲淤变化规律进行了分析,研究各匝道墩最低冲刷高程分布,并应用数值计算模型分析了海中平台区的水动力分布特征,揭示了匝道墩海床冲刷机理。研究发现,与建桥前相比,海中平台区大桥轴线上游500 m~下游1 000 m范围内海床发生整体一般冲刷,在海中平台南北两侧,受局部绕流影响,产生明显的局部冲刷,最大冲刷达14 m。平台南北两侧向上游延伸的局部冲刷槽影响到平台上游的匝道墩,导致部分匝道墩附近海床高程普遍较低。整体来看,位于桥轴线上游的ZB和ZC系列匝道墩因受到海中平台绕流及主墩绕流的叠加影响,导致其最低海床高程明显低于位于桥轴线下游的ZD和ZE系列匝道墩,各匝道墩最低海床高程与涨潮流流速大小具有一定的相关性。

     

    Abstract: The sea platform of Hangzhou Bay Sea-Crossing Bridge is near the center the bridge. The pier groups under the platform combined with ramp piers and main bridge piers compose complex bridge pier groups which induce significant scour around sea platform. In order to deeply understand the scour characteristics around the sea platform, based on field data, the scour characteristics around sea platform, the seabed evolution and minimum elevation of ramp piers were analyzed. In addition, the hydrodynamic characteristics around sea platform were also studied using numerical simulation. The research result shows that there is general scour in the region between upstream 500 m and downstream 1000 m, and in each side of the sea platform, there is local scour, whose maximum scour depth is nearly 14 m. The scour hole extends to the upstream region and induces some scours around ramp piers with considerable depths. In general, the scour depths of ZB and ZC ramp piers in upstream region are deeper than those of ZD and ZE ramp piers. This may be because the upstream ramp pier is affected not only by the sea platform but also by main bridge piers. The distribution of minimum scour elevation of each ramp pier has relationships with the distribution of spring tidal current.

     

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