含缓倾软弱夹层矿山高边坡降雨渗流特性研究

Rainfall seepage characteristics of open-pit high slopes with gently-inclined soft interlayers

  • 摘要: 为探究缓倾软弱夹层对矿山高边坡降雨渗流特性的影响,以西南地区典型的石灰石矿山高边坡为例,结合现场实际的工程地质与水文地质条件,建立了含缓倾软弱夹层矿山高边坡的降雨渗流模型。基于饱和-非饱和渗流理论,模拟了边坡在最大降雨量条件下降雨和雨后两个时间段雨水的浸润过程,揭示了边坡孔隙水压力的动态变化规律。研究结果表明:软弱夹层作为一种隔水层,改变了雨水浸润曲线的形态及降雨的渗流路径,浸润曲线呈现V字型结构,渗流路径由垂直入渗改为沿软弱夹层上表面渗流;在降雨和雨后两个时间段,上部裂隙风化岩体的孔隙水压力先增后减,但始终为负值;软弱夹层上表面会产生雨水积聚,孔隙水压力先增大到正值随后逐渐减小,孔压减小的时间相对于降雨时长具有滞后性,即孔压在雨停后一段时间才开始降低;坡脚处的孔隙水压力在降雨和雨后两个时间段始终呈增大之势;由于软弱夹层良好的隔水性,软弱夹层内部及边坡底部灰岩的孔隙水压力并无太大变化。研究结果可为揭示类似地质条件下边坡的降雨渗流规律提供有益参考。

     

    Abstract: In order to explore and study the influence of gently-inclined soft interlayers on the rainfall seepage characteristics of open-pit high slope, taking the high slope of typical limestone mine as an example which is located in the southwest China, simultaneously based on the actual engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions in the site, a rainfall seepage model of open-pit high slopes with gently-inclined soft interlayers is established. Based on the saturated-unsaturated seepage theory, the infiltration process of rainwater during rainfall and post-rainfall periods is simulated under the condition of maximum rainfall, and the dynamic variation rule of pore water pressure about open-pit high slope with gently-inclined soft interlayers is revealed. The research results show that the soft interlayer, as an isolation layer which means low permeability, changes the shape of rainwater infiltration curve and the seepage path of rainfall. The rainwater infiltration curve presents a "V"-shaped structure, and the seepage path changes from vertical slope infiltration to seepage along the upper surface of the soft interlayer. In the two periods of rainfall and after rainfall, the pore water pressure of upper fractured weathered rock increases first and then decreases, but the pore water pressure is always negative. The upper surface of soft interlayer will produce rainwater accumulation and the pore water pressure first increases to a positive value and then decreases gradually. The time of pore pressure reduction is lagging behind the rainfall time, that is to say, the pore pressure decreases after the rain stops for a period of time. The pore water pressure at the foot of the slope always increases during the two periods of rain and after-the-rain; due to the good water resistance of the soft interlayer, the pore water pressure inside the soft interlayer and that of the limestone at the bottom of the slope do not change too much. The research results can provide a useful reference for revealing the rainfall seepage laws of slopes under similar geological conditions.

     

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