Abstract: Analyzing the sensitivity of water supply and demand balance in different regions to changes in precipitation, based on the spatial distribution of cloud water resources and precipitation efficiency, is helpful to determining the location of normalized artificial precipitation enhancement, and is of great significance to the realization of the coordinated use of air and land water resources. We take the Beisanhe River Basin as the research area, analyze the response of the study area’s incoming water demand to precipitation changes based on the Xin’anjiang Model and Penman-Montes formula, and discuss the sensitivity of the water supply and demand balance of different computing units to precipitation changes. The results show that when precipitation increases, the rate of increase in annual water production in the basin is greater than that in dry years and extreme dry years, and the water demand for farmland irrigation is roughly linear. Without considering external water transfer and groundwater overexploitation, the resource water shortage of the basin under the natural precipitation scenario is 3.546 billion cubic meters (precipitation frequency p=50%), 4.317 billion billion cubic meters (p=75%) and 4.630 billion cubic meters (p=95%), and the peak of water shortage appears in May, July and August, respectively. The sensitivity of each unit’s water shortage to changes in precipitation is mainly dominated by changes in water production, and shows a gradual decrease in space from north to south. When the average annual precipitation increases by 20%, water shortage in the north region will reach 150% or more, the central region will be between 30% and 50%, and the southern region will decrease by less than 15%.