Abstract: The resource utilization of the Yellow River sediment and the scarcity of boulders in the process of flood control are two important problems to be solved. In this study, artificial flood control stone was prepared by using alkali activated resource utilization of Yellow River silt, indoor compaction and on-site compaction, and the frost resistance of artificial flood control stone was studied by rapid freeze-thaw method. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mercury intrusion (MIP) were used to study the changes of morphology, composition and structure of artificial flood control stone, and clarify its micro mechanism. The results show that the artificial flood control stone prepared by alkali excitation has good compressive strength, which meets the requirements of flood control and emergency use; with the increase of alkali activator content, the compressive strength of artificial flood control stone firstly increases and then decreases; with the increase of freeze-thaw times, the compressive strength, mass and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of artificial flood control stone decrease gradually; the frost resistance of alkali activated cement-based artificial flood control stone is better than that of alkali activated non cement-based artificial flood control stone, and the limit freeze-thaw cycles are 80 and 40 respectively; and the freeze-thaw cycle will not change the phase of alkali activated flood control stone, but will increase the porosity and the most probable pore size.