Abstract: High asphalt core rockfill dams are one of the main types of earth-rock dams, yet studies on their failure modes under strong earthquakes remain limited. Based on a 130-meter-high asphalt core rockfill dam in a seismically active region, this study investigates the dynamic failure patterns under various seismic inputs using large-scale centrifugal shaking table tests and three-dimensional finite element numerical simulations. Numerical simulations of the centrifugal model test results were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the finite element model. Subsequently, dynamic numerical simulations of the dam prototype were performed to evaluate the ultimate seismic capacity of the 130-meter-high asphalt core rockfill dam. The results indicate that the combined approach of centrifugal model tests and finite element simulations provides a comprehensive understanding of the seismic response characteristics of high asphalt core rockfill dams. During strong earthquakes, upstream slope settlement and cracking, as well as tensile stress in the upper-middle section of the asphalt core wall, may lead to structural failure. The three-dimensional numerical model reveals that high tensile strain zones at the connection points between the core wall and the abutments, caused by seismic-induced deformation, represent critical weak points for seismic resistance. This study offers insights for the design and construction of high asphalt core rockfill dams in seismically active regions.