考虑渗流-流变耦合效应的混凝土防渗墙力学特性

Behavior of a concrete cutoff wall considering the foundation seepage-creep coupling effect

  • 摘要: 混凝土防渗墙是建在覆盖层地基上的混凝土面板堆石坝的主要防渗措施之一。防渗墙为隐蔽结构,其力学性态受覆盖层地基变形和渗流效应影响,直接影响地基防渗效果和大坝结构安全。通过统计分析和数值模拟的方法,研究覆盖层地基上面板堆石坝混凝土防渗墙的力学性能。基于多个工程实例的监测数据,从统计角度对防渗墙变形进行了分析;建立了考虑地基渗流-流变耦合效应的防渗墙力学行为数值计算模型;采用九参数流变模型模拟地基流变行为;采用水力耦合分析方法模拟地基渗流-流变耦合效应。结合实测数据和数值模拟结果,对防渗墙应力变形特性进行了分析,还讨论了地基渗流-流变耦合效应、大坝施工速度、防渗墙施工顺序和防渗墙深度对防渗墙力学性能的影响。结果表明:(1)竣工期防渗墙向上游变形,蓄水期向下游变形,摩阻力是引起防渗墙较大垂直应力的主要原因。防渗墙在墙体与两岸基岩接触部位及底部承受较大的拉应力,在墙体中部承受较大压应力;(2)在外力作用下地基渗流-流变耦合效应会引起应力的增加,流变作用对防渗墙变形影响更加突出;(3)较快的坝体筑坝速度使坝体填筑过程中防渗墙变形和应力增量增加,防渗墙较晚的施工顺序可以减小防渗墙竣工期的应力变形但不利于蓄水期的应力状态;防渗墙深度越大其应力变形越大,不利于结构安全。研究成果可以为覆盖层地基上面板堆石坝混凝土防渗墙的设计和施工提供相应参考。

     

    Abstract: The concrete cutoff wall is a primary anti-seepage measure for concrete-face rockfill dams (CFRDs) built on alluvium foundations. As a concealed structure, its mechanical behavior is influenced by both foundation deformation and seepage, which in turn directly affect the effectiveness of seepage control and the overall safety of the dam. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of concrete cutoff walls in CFRDs constructed on alluvial foundations using statistical analysis and numerical simulation. Drawing on monitoring data from multiple engineering cases, the deformation characteristics of the cutoff wall are examined from a statistical perspective. A numerical model incorporating the foundation’s seepage–creep coupling effect is developed. A nine-parameter creep model is employed to represent the rheological behavior of the foundation, and hydromechanical coupling is used to simulate the interaction between seepage and creep. Based on the comparison between field data and simulation results, the stress and deformation characteristics of the cutoff wall are analyzed. The influences of seepage–creep coupling, dam construction speed, construction sequence of the cutoff wall, and wall depth are also discussed. The results indicate: (1) At dam completion, the cutoff wall deforms toward the upstream side; during reservoir impoundment, it bends toward the downstream side. Frictional resistance is the main cause of high vertical stresses. Significant tensile stress appears at the wall–bedrock interface and the base, while high compressive stress is concentrated in the midsection of the wall. (2) External loads amplify the stress within the wall due to the foundation's seepage–creep coupling effect, with creep having a more prominent influence on wall deformation. (3) Rapid dam construction increases both deformation and stress in the cutoff wall during filling. Delaying wall construction reduces stress and deformation at completion but may worsen stress conditions during impoundment. Deeper cutoff walls experience greater stress and deformation, negatively impacting structural safety. Furthermore, fully embedded walls exhibit tensile stress zones at steep slope interfaces and the base, while suspended walls tend to concentrate tensile stress near steep slope boundaries. The findings provide valuable references for the design and construction of concrete cutoff walls in CFRDs on alluvial foundations.

     

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