受限水域船体区双螺旋桨射流紊动特性试验研究

Experimental study of dual-propeller turbulent jets in restricted hull waters

  • 摘要: 在受限水域中,双螺旋桨射流相较于开阔水域中的单螺旋桨射流,表现出更强烈的紊动特性和更复杂的涡系结构,这种高强度紊动关系到航道底床局部冲刷、航道演变和船体振动,对航道结构稳定和船舶通航安全等产生重大影响。为深入研究其内在机理,本文基于室内PIV水槽试验资料获取的高精度流场数据,研究了单螺旋桨与双螺旋桨射流紊动特性差异,探讨了断面系数、螺旋桨桨距及转速对双螺旋桨作用区紊动强度和雷诺应力的的影响规律。结果表明:与单螺旋桨射流对比,双螺旋桨在桨轴处及桨轴外侧区域射流特性有较大相似性,双螺旋桨在船体中心作用区射流呈倾斜下射形态更加明显,对床面的扰动和冲刷作用将更为剧烈。双螺旋桨作用区域射流紊动强度呈“偏心单峰形”分布,峰值位于桨轴高度处且沿程逐渐减小,断面系数的减小将使射流紊动强度在距离床面更近处进入偏心单峰区,紊动强度随桨距减小而增大,随转速增大而增大;雷诺应力垂向分布呈“上宽下窄”特征,上侧呈“S”形峰状分布,其弯曲程度随断面系数增大而增强,而雷诺应力绝对值随桨距减小而增大,不同转速下雷诺应力呈上小下大的“S” 形分布,下侧的峰值将相差更大。本研究结果以深化受限水域中双螺旋桨射流中紊动特性的认识,为船舶通航所引起的航道冲刷效应评估提供了科学依据,对提升内河与沿海航道工程的长期稳定性与通航安全保障能力具有积极的参考价值。

     

    Abstract: In restricted waterways, double-propeller jet flows display stronger turbulence characteristics and more intricate vortex structures than single-propeller jets in open waters. This enhanced turbulence is linked to local bed erosion, channel adjustment, and ship vibration, exerting notable effects on channel stability and navigational safety. To further probe the underlying mechanisms, this study employs high-resolution flow-field data from indoor PIV tank experiments to examine differences in turbulence characteristics between single- and dual-propeller jets, and to evaluate the effects of section coefficient, propeller pitch, and rotational speed on turbulence intensity and Reynolds stress in the dual-propeller interaction zone. The results indicate that, relative to single-propeller jets, dual-propeller jets exhibit greater similarity between the jet features at the propeller axis and those outside the axis. In the central interaction region near the hull, the dual-propeller jet presents a more pronounced downward-inclined trajectory, producing stronger disturbance and erosion effects on the bed surface. The turbulence intensity of the dual-propeller jet in the interaction zone exhibits an “eccentric single-peak” pattern, with the peak appearing at the propeller-shaft height and diminishing downstream. A reduced section coefficient shifts this peak region closer to the bed. Turbulence intensity rises with decreasing pitch and increasing rotational speed. The vertical Reynolds-stress profile shows a “wide-top, narrow-bottom” pattern, with an upper “S-shaped” peak whose curvature strengthens as the section coefficient increases. The absolute Reynolds-stress magnitude grows as the pitch decreases. Under varying rotational speeds, the Reynolds stress maintains an “S-shaped” distribution, with smaller values above and larger values below, and the lower peak becomes more distinct. These findings enhance understanding of turbulence characteristics in twin-propeller jets within restricted waterways, offering a scientific basis for evaluating navigation-induced scouring and providing useful guidance for improving the long-term stability and safety of inland and coastal channels.

     

/

返回文章
返回