粉砂淤泥质海岸滩涂港口岸线绿色利用模式研究

A study on the green utilization model of port shorelines in silty-muddy coastal tidal flats

  • 摘要: 长期以来粉砂淤泥质海岸滩涂港口岸线生态相对脆弱、绿色利用不足,针对此问题,本文旨在构建一套减灾防护能力、生态系统活力、经济开发活力“三大活力”协同提升的滩涂港口岸线绿色利用模式及其评价指标体系,探索通过生态修复与产业协同提升海岸活力的可行路径。本文以东营市北部典型滩涂港口岸线为例,系统评估了滩涂港口岸线绿色利用水平及绿色利用措施的实施效果。结果表明,研究区域岸线存在集约水平不高、生态系统功能退化等问题,导致海岸活力指数值较低(0.541);生态护岸、盐沼修复、牡蛎礁构建和临港经济发展等岸线绿色利用措施使减灾防护能力、生态系统活力、经济开发活力的指数值分别由0.491、0.614、0.496提高至0.572、0.796、0.628,海岸活力指数提升至0.672;其中,在减灾防护能力、生态系统活力、经济开发活力一级指标下,波高衰减率、植被覆盖率、临港产业需求等三级指标对海岸活力的影响更为显著。本文可为粉砂淤泥质海岸滩涂港口岸线绿色利用提供科学依据与重要参考。

     

    Abstract: The sandy silt coast constitutes 54.1% of China's coastline, and as a significant type of sandy silt coastline and a pivotal area connecting land and sea, it is an essential carrier of the concept of a “vibrant coast”. The objective of this study is to address the long-term challenges posed by the relatively fragile ecology and inadequate green utilisation of port shorelines on sandy and silty coastal tidal flats. To this end, a green utilisation model has been developed to enhance “disaster mitigation and protection capacity, ecosystem vitality, and economic development vitality” through a synergistic approach. The study proposes a framework for evaluating the current situation, analysing problems, designing pathways, and establishing the model, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system comprising three levels of indicators. A comprehensive evaluation index system for the green use of the shoreline of beaches and harbours has been established, which comprises three levels of indicators. Indicator weights were determined using the entropy weight method, and coastal vitality levels were classified based on standardized criteria. This study focuses on a typical tidal-flat port shoreline in Dongying City, a representative area of silty coasts. As a core city of the Yellow River Delta Efficient Eco-economic Zone, Dongying provides reference value for similar regions. The level of green utilisation of tidal-flat port shorelines and the implementation effects of corresponding measures were systematically assessed. The results indicate that the low level of shoreline intensification and the degradation of ecosystem functions resulted in a relatively low coastal vitality index (0.541). The implementation of shoreline measures—including ecological shore protection, salt marsh restoration, oyster reef construction, and port-adjacent economic development—significantly improved disaster mitigation and protection capacity, ecosystem vitality, and economic development vitality, with index values increasing from 0.491, 0.614, and 0.496 to 0.572, 0.796, and 0.628, respectively. Consequently, the coastal vitality index increased to 0.672. Among the indicators, wave height attenuation rate, vegetation coverage rate, and demand for port-adjacent industries exhibited more significant impacts on coastal vitality. The establishment of the green utilisation model for tidal-flat port shorelines is conducive to efficient shoreline resource utilisation, environmental protection, and the coordinated development of disaster mitigation, ecology, and regional economy. The construction and application of the model have been demonstrated to enhance the level of green utilisation of the shoreline of the beaches and harbours in Dongying, and to enhance the vitality and high-quality development of the chalky-silt coast. The implementation of the green utilisation model of beach port shoreline demonstrates that the enhancement of coastal vitality constitutes a comprehensive, long-term governance project. In the utilisation of the beach port shoreline in Dongying, it is recommended that the construction standard of seawalls be improved, that the scale of ecological restoration of the coastal zone be expanded, that the structural transformation of the port industry be promoted and that the shoreline be utilised more intensively. These measures will enhance the safety of the shoreline flood prevention (tidal wave) embankment, the function of ecological services and the benefits of port utilisation. Furthermore, the level of green utilisation of the shoreline and the high-quality development of the economy and society will be promoted. The utilisation of green energy is of paramount importance in achieving high-quality socio-economic development.

     

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