Abstract: In order to improve the usability and seismic performance of the structures in hydropower station, taking the characteristic frequency of the hydrogenerator as the key parameter index, the modal analysis and resonance check of 4 models including rectangular hollow steel tube long column, circular section hollow steel tube long column, rectangle section steel composite long column and circular section steel-concrete combined long column are carried out in this study. The analysis shows that the staggering degree between the frequency of the circular section steel-concrete combined long column and the source frequency is greater than 20%, which means that the resonance can be effectively avoided, and this column has remarkable seismic characteristics. On this basis, the tests on the vibration characteristics of the indoor full-scale model are carried out to analyze and compare the mechanical indexes such as displacement response and acceleration response. From the research results it is found that the vibration response degree of the square section column is less than that of the circular section column at the frequency of the vibration source of 20 Hz. The above analysis results of the vibration characteristics given by this paper can provide a case history reference and a technical support for the engineering design of the powerhouse column structures of the hydropower stations.