Abstract: Considering the optimum design of the powerhouse penstock of the Three Gorges Project, a steel fiber concrete structure, the stress characteristics of the steel line and the steel concrete penstock are analyzed basedon tests of the uniaxial tensile and simply supported beam, and on the model test of the penstock. Feasibility of applying steel fiber concrete to the penstock is discussed. Test results show that the tensile strength of fiber concrete has an important role in the penstock structure under load and that the concrete tensile strength in structure design should be considered. Limiting crack and anti-crack design methods for penstock are compared based on the test results.