Abstract: Based on the analysis of complex hydrological and hydraulic relationship between cascade reservoirs， a multi reservoir flood control compensation model is developed in this paper. And the particle swarm algorithm approach is used for deriving flood control compensation rules. The flood control operation of the Zhexi and Jintangchong reservoirs on Zishui basin in Hunan Province is taken as an example for examining this model. For protecting Yiyang city which is the flood control protected object of these two reservoirs， the flood control compensation rules for these cascade reservoirs is derived based on nine floods of different typical years and different types， and the natural flood peak discharge of Yiyang city can be reduced to the safety discharge. Analysis results show that this principle of the flood control compensation regulation of cascade reservoirs based on the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSP) is reasonable, and can be used as a reference for the design of Jintangchong reservoir. This model can simplify the complexity of the flood control compensation regulation of the cascade reservoir group. In the case study， it is found that the proposed method is a usable approach for solving the flood control operation of cascade reservoirs.