Abstract: The main factors affecting the hydroecological safety in Baiyin city have been studied out in order to provide the service for the construction of the hydroecological safety and give a theoretical base for management of the regional hydroecological safety in Baiyin city. The analysis and optimization of an evaluation index system of the hydroecological safety for Baiyin city have been made based on a fuzzy system analysis method, and an integrated assessment of the hydroecological safety environment of Baiyin city has been done as well on the basis of the fuzzy integrated assessment, and in the last, the hydroecological safety environment of Baiyin city is graded. The main factors affecting the urban hydroecological safety is revealed with the fuzzy system analysis. The hydroecological safety situation of Baiyin city is set in order based on the fuzzy integrated assessment. It is found from Baiyin’s construction of the hydroecological safety that the hydroecological safety situation is severely affected by the indexes such as the evaporation, water consumption for every 10 thousand yuan worth of industrial value added, the urban sewage disposal, GDP, fixed asset investment, the average annual rainfall and disposable income of urban residents. The hydroecological safety situation of Baiyin city is uneven, and the hydroecological safety is facing severe challenges to which much more attention should be paid during urban construction and management.