Abstract: By using the self-propelled underwater monitoring system developed by the German Fraunhofer Institute, five water quality parameters, namely dissolved oxygen, conductivity, ammonium, nitrate and temperature were measured in different reservoirs, including Qingfengling reservoir in Rizhao, Duihekou reservoir in Huzhou, Jinniushan reservoir and Qinhuai River in Nanjing. Based on the measured data, the regularities of parameter distribution, the underwater topography and the relationships between different parameters are analyzed, explained and explored with different methods including the underwater topograph graph, the water quality parameters contour map, the water quality slicing graph, the vertical profile and the water quality scatter plots. Several conclusions are drawn as follows: some differences exist in DO on the surface of the reservoir; there is a little difference between the distributions of nitrate at different depths except when it comes to the bottom of the lake, which may be caused by the silt on the riverbed; a dicreasing trend in the temperature from the surface to the bottom is observed; a positive correlation between the conductivity and nitrate/ammonium and a negative correlation between DO and temperature are both observed. The application results indicate that the measured data can rapidly generate 3D structural drawings of underwater topography and water quality which can reflect the main distribution of water quality and water regime.