Abstract: Influences of an axial compressive stress on the concrete cover expansion cracking process caused by reinforcement corrosion was studied. A three-dimension numerical simulation model for cover cracking affected by non-uniform corrosion expansion of a reinforcement concrete column was developed by DIANA, the equivalent method for lateral deformation of the reinforcement by confining pressure constraint and reinforcement in concrete by the action of axial compression was established, the problems concerning concrete columns imposed by the axial pressure and non-uniform corrosion effects were solved simultaneously. On this basis, the corrosive cracking process of 24 axial compression columns under different load levels and a reinforcement method were analyzed by simulation; the influence law of a characteristic corrosion rate of the axial compression stress to corrosive crack extension and expansion of crack characteristics in each stage was discussed; the relationships between the axial compressive stress levels and the strength of concrete, the relative thickness of the concrete cover and other corrosive cracking influence factors were analyzed. The analysis results show that the development trend of the corrosive cracks of the concrete members was changed by the existence of the axial compressive stress, and the rebar corrosion rates of the cover expansion cracking in different stages were affected by this stress. The failure form of the cover was caused by a multiple reinforcement corrosion in the component and the possibility of its overall spalling was influenced by the axial compressive stress level significantly. Under the same conditions, with the increase of axial compressive stresses, the possibility of the spalling of the concrete protective cover greatly increased. And the protective cover cracking overall spalled by the non-uniform corrosion of the reinforcement was easier than that of the uniform corrosion, and the differences between both conditions increased with the increase of the axial compression stress level. The influences of the concrete strength and the relative protective cover thickness on the development of the corrosive cracking law will not be imposed by the changes in the axial compression stress.