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2D numerical simulation of hydrodynamic characteristics of water flowing around inland river frame wharf in tandem and parallel arrangement
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摘要: 桩柱绕流水动力特性直接决定水流对桩柱作用力的分布规律，是内河框架码头水流荷载计算的基础。结合计算流体动力学(CFD)，依托内河框架码头实际工程，进行了内河框架码头大直径桩柱串列及并列4桩柱绕流水动力特性的二维数值模拟，系统分析了不同流速及不同桩间距下桩柱绕流尾流流场形态，揭示了桩柱绕流阻力系数、升力系数、斯特劳哈尔数随桩间距和流速的变化规律。研究了串列及并列4桩柱绕流流场形态和水动力特性，不同流速及不同桩间距下的遮流影响效应、遮流影响系数以及横向影响系数的变化。数值模拟与分析结果可为计算类似内河框架码头水流荷载提供一定的技术参考。Abstract: The hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow around the pile-columns directly determine the distribution of the flow force acting on the piles, which is the basis of the flow loads on the inland river frame wharf. Using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method, and based on the practical works located at the inland river frame wharf, a two-dimensional numerical simulation model is developed to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow around the large diameter four pile-columns arrayed in tandem and parallel or perpendicular to the flow direction. The wake flow field around pile-columns under the conditions of different flow velocities and pile spacings is analyzed systematically. The change law of the flow resistance coefficient, the lift coefficient and the Strouhal number with the flow velocity U and the pile spacing L is revealed. And some studies of the flow field shape and hydrodynamic characteristics of four pile-columns in tandem and parallel arrangement, the influence effects of flow shielding, the influence coefficient of flow shielding and the change of transverse (lateral) influence coefficient at different velocities and the pile spacings are carried out. The results of numerical simulation and analysis can provide some technical references for the calculation of flow loads on the similar pile-columns structures located in the inland river frame wharves.
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图 2 串列四桩柱绕流计算模型及网格划分
Figure 2. Flow calculation model and mesh generation for four pile-columns in tandem arrangement
图 3 并列4桩柱绕流计算模型
Figure 3. Flow calculation model for four pile-columns in parallel arrangement
图 4 主测桩位置及定位件布置(图中ϕ1 500 mm是钢横撑直径)
Figure 4. Main testing pile position and positioning parts layout
图 5 不同桩间距下串列4桩柱绕流瞬时速度云图(Re=4×106)(单位：m/s)
Figure 5. Instantaneous velocity cloud map of tandem pile-columns under different pile spacings (Re=4×106)(unit: m/s)
图 6 绕流阻力系数随桩间距的变化曲线(Re=4×106)
Figure 6. Change curves of drag coefficient around each pile with pile spacing (Re=4×106)
图 7 绕流升力系数随桩间距的变化曲线(Re=4×106)
Figure 7. Change curves of lift coefficient around each pile with pile spacing (Re=4×106)
图 8 各桩柱绕流系数随桩间距的变化曲线(Re=4×106)
Figure 8. Change curves of flow coefficient of each pile withpile spacing (Re=4×106)
图 9 不同流速下串列4桩柱绕流瞬时速度云图(L=4D) (单位: m/s)
Figure 9. Flow instantaneous velocity cloud map of four pile-columns in tandem under different flow rates (L=4D) (unit: m/s)
图 10 不同桩间距下并列4桩柱绕流瞬时速度云图(Re=4×106)(单位: m/s)
Figure 10. Flow instantaneous velocity cloud map of four pile-columns in parallel under different pile spacings (Re=4×106)(unit: m/s)
图 11 桩柱绕流阻力系数随桩间距的变化(Re=4×106)
Figure 11. Change curves of drag coefficient around each pile with pile spacing (Re=4×106)
图 12 桩柱绕流升力系数随桩间距的变化(Re=4×106)
Figure 12. Change curves of lift coefficient around each pile with pile spacing (Re=4×106)
图 13 各桩柱绕流系数随桩间距的变化曲线(Re=4×106)
Figure 13. Change curves of flow coefficient of each pile with pilespacing (Re=4×106)
图 14 不同流速下并列4桩柱绕流瞬时速度云图(L=4D)(单位: m/s)
Figure 14. Instantaneous velocity cloud map of flow around parallel four-columns at different flow rates (L=4D)(unit: m/s)
表 1 单圆柱绕流计算结果与文献对比
Table 1. Comparison between single-cylinder flow results and literatures
计算来源 Re/106 $ \overline {{C_{\rm{d}}}} $ Cl Sr 计算来源 Re/106 $ \overline {{C_{\rm{d}}}} $ Cl Sr 本文 2 0.43 0.27 0.18 Ong等[4] 1 0.52 0.09 0.28 4 0.42 0.28 0.34 3.6 0.46 0.08 0.31 Catalano等[12] 1 0.41 — Ai Yanhui等[13] 1.24 0.46 0.38~0.40 0.29 2 0.42 — 0.31 沈立龙等[11]
(码头现场监测)1~4 0.30~0.45 — — 4 0.46 — 港口工程荷载规范[14] — 0.72 — — 
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表 2 不同桩间距下串列4圆柱绕流各桩柱遮流影响系数
Table 2. Influence factors of obstruction of each pile in tandem pile-columns under different pile spacings
桩编号 不同桩间距的遮流影响系数 2D 3D 4D 5D 7D 9D 13D 1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2 0.63 0.79 0.63 0.54 0.63 0.66 0.74 3 0.38 1.57 1.37 0.56 0.72 0.73 0.78 4 0.79 1.81 2.12 0.94 0.72 0.72 0.72
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表 3 不同流速下串列4圆柱绕流主要系数统计(L=4D)
Table 3. Statistics of main coefficients of flow around four cylinders in tandem at different flow rates (L=4D)
流速 桩编号 Cd Cl Sr 流速 桩编号 Cd Cl Sr 2 m/s
(Re=4×106)1 0.311 0.13 0.341 1 m/s
(Re=2×106)1 0.335 0.26 0.159 2 0.196 0.80 0.318 2 0.210 0.90 0.227 3 0.425 1.30 0.226 3 0.430 1.30 0.132 4 0.540 2.10 0.230 4 0.330 1.50 0.068
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表 4 不同流速下并列4圆柱绕流主要系数统计(L=4D)
Table 4. Main coefficient statistics of flow around parallel four- cylinders at different flow rates (L=4D)
流速 桩编号 Cd Cl Sr 流速 桩编号 Cd Cl Sr 2 m/s (Re=4×106) 1 0.343 0.180 0.409 1 m/s (Re=2×106) 1 0.354 0.170 0.227 2 0.365 0.198 0.400 2 0.375 0.186 0.227 3 0.366 0.189 0.409 3 0.377 0.189 0.227 4 0.344 0.180 0.409 4 0.354 0.170 0.227
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