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Experimental study on physical and mechanical properties of expanded composite slurry
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摘要: 目前普通硅酸盐水泥浆液是水利工程中最常用的注浆加固材料，针对其存在流动性差、析水率高、结石率低、结石体强度低、抗渗性能差等问题，采用单因素控制变量法和正交试验法，对制备的不同配合比的水泥基膨胀复合浆液进行黏度、密度以及结石体力学性能试验。试验结果表明：掺加粉煤灰可以增加浆液的和易性和流动性；掺加膨润土可以提高浆液的结石率和稳定性，同时降低浆液的析水率；掺加粉煤灰和膨润土的浆液流动性和结石率性能都有所改善，但是前期结石体强度较低，而后期强度主要靠粉煤灰的水化作用进行补充；水泥浆液掺加适量的膨胀剂对结石体的膨胀影响较大，并且可以提高结石体的抗渗性能。合理选择和控制粉煤灰、膨润土和膨胀剂掺量，可以明显改善和提高注浆效果。Abstract: At present, ordinary Portland cement slurry is the common grouting reinforcement material in water conservancy engineering. In view of its poor fluidity, high drainage rate, low stone rate as well as its low strength and poor permeability performance problems, based on the preparation of different mixing ratios of cement-based expanded composite slurry, we adopted the single factor controlling variable method and the orthogonal experiment method to test the viscosity, density and mechanical performance of stone body. The experiment results reflect that adding fly ash could increase the workability and fluidity of slurry, and the bentonite could improve the stone rate of grouting and slurry stability. At the same time, bentonite also could reduce the drainage rate and slurry fluidity. The slurry mixed with bentonite and fly ash got improvement with its fluidity and stone rate, but the stone body strength was poor in the early stage. In the later stage, its strength was mainly supplemented by the hydration of fly ash. Cement slurry mixed with appropriate expansion agent had a great influence on the expansion of the stone body and could also improve the anti-permeability of the stone body. Consequently, reasonable selection and control of fly ash, bentonite and expansive agent can obviously improve the grouting effect.
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Key words:
- grouting material /
- cement /
- fly ash /
- bentonite /
- expansive agent /
- anti-seepage reinforcement
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图 1 不同配合比的膨胀复合浆液黏度及密度值
Figure 1. Viscosity and density of expanded composite slurry with different mixing ratios
图 2 不同配合比的结石体随时间变化的自由膨胀率
Figure 2. Free expansion rates of stone bodies with different proportions varied with time
表 1 水泥的化学成分和物理性能
Table 1. Chemical composition and physical properties of cement
密度/
(g·cm−3)MgO/% SO3/% Cl−1 /% 烧失量/% 比表面积/
(m2·kg−1)初凝时间/
min终凝时间/
min强度/MPa 3 d 28 d 2.9 <3.5 <5.0 <0.06 <5.0 312 221 304 22.4 43.2 
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表 2 粉煤灰的化学成分和物理性能
Table 2. Chemical composition and physical properties of fly ash
细度2.6 um
方孔筛筛余/%烧失量/% Al2O3/% SiO2/% 水/% Cl−1/% SO3/% CaO/% 碱/% 铁/% 游离氧化钙/% 密度/
（g·cm−3）堆积密度/
（g·cm−3）16 6.5 48.6 29.1 0.85 0.015 2.1 5.6 1.2 0.95 0.85 2.55 1.12
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表 3 膨胀剂的化学成分和物理性能
Table 3. Chemical composition and physical properties of expansive agent
比表面积/
(cm2· g-1)细度 水/% MgO/% 总碱量/% 增强剂/% 聚丙烯纤维/% Cl−1 /% 凝结时间 0.08 mm筛筛余/% 1.25 mm筛筛余/% 初凝/min 终凝/min ≥2 500 ≤7.2 ≤0 ≤2.92 ≤1.8 ≤0.478 0.3 0.2 ≤0.009 ≥155 ≤245
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表 4 不同配合比膨胀复合浆液的黏度和密度
Table 4. Viscosity and density values of expanded composite slurry with different mixing ratios
试验编号 水固比 膨润土掺量/% 粉煤灰掺量/% 膨胀剂掺量/% 浆液黏度/s 浆液密度/
(g·cm−3)1 0.6 20 30 10 几乎不流动 1.50 2 0.8 20 30 10 31.22 1.42 3 1.0 20 30 10 21.65 1.36 4 0.8 15 30 10 26.47 1.43 5 0.8 20 30 10 27.53 1.44 6 0.8 25 30 10 28.34 1.46 7 0.8 20 20 10 33.78 1.46 8 0.8 20 30 10 29.25 1.44 9 0.8 20 40 10 31.09 1.43 10 0.8 20 30 5 28.47 1.45 11 0.8 20 30 10 28.72 1.44 12 0.8 20 30 15 30.59 1.45
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表 5 膨胀型复合浆液结石体抗折强度
Table 5. Fold resistance of expansive composite slurry stone body
试验编号 浆液组分 7 d抗折强度/MPa 14 d抗折强度/MPa 28 d抗折强度/MPa 水固比 膨润土/% 粉煤灰/% 膨胀剂/% 1 0.6 20 30 10 2.133 2.505 2.678 2 0.8 20 30 10 0.650 1.153 1.675 3 1.0 20 30 10 0.397 0.695 1.015 4 0.8 15 30 10 0.990 1.495 2.425 5 0.8 20 30 10 0.785 1.465 1.690 6 0.8 25 30 10 0.645 1.323 1.600 7 0.8 20 20 10 1.045 1.870 2.045 8 0.8 20 30 10 0.630 1.317 1.475 9 0.8 20 40 10 0.485 1.060 1.315 10 0.8 20 30 5 0.825 1.503 2.090 11 0.8 20 30 10 0.720 1.475 1.877 12 0.8 20 30 15 0.522 1.265 1.555
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表 6 膨胀型复合浆液结石体抗压强度
Table 6. Compressive strength of expansive composite slurry stone body
试验编号 浆液组分 7 d抗压强度/MPa 14 d抗压强度/MPa 28 d抗压强度/MPa 水固比 膨润土/% 粉煤灰/% 膨胀剂/% 1 0.6 20 30 10 6.25 8.30 10.04 2 0.8 20 30 10 2.93 3.12 4.21 3 1.0 20 30 10 2.29 2.42 3.04 4 0.8 15 30 10 3.68 4.31 5.54 5 0.8 20 30 10 3.61 3.81 4.89 6 0.8 25 30 10 3.53 3.63 4.32 7 0.8 20 20 10 4.31 4.68 6.32 8 0.8 20 30 10 3.08 3.33 4.86 9 0.8 20 40 10 2.62 3.14 4.24 10 0.8 20 30 5 3.60 3.87 4.82 11 0.8 20 30 10 3.57 3.85 4.87 12 0.8 20 30 15 2.17 3.38 4.66
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表 7 膨胀型复合浆液结石体不同龄期的自由膨胀率
Table 7. Free expansion rates of expansive composite slurry stone body at different ages
试验编号 浆液组分 自由膨胀率/% 水固比 膨润土/% 粉煤灰/% 膨胀剂/% 1 d 3 d 7 d 14 d 21 d 28 d 1 0.6 15 20 5 0.042 4 0.051 6 0.053 6 0.085 6 0.086 8 0.087 6 2 0.6 20 30 10 0.068 8 0.078 0 0.080 4 0.104 8 0.118 8 0.123 6 3 0.6 25 40 15 0.099 6 0.149 2 0.153 6 0.187 2 0.198 0 0.200 4 4 0.8 15 30 15 0.032 4 0.070 8 0.074 0 0.086 8 0.089 6 0.092 8 5 0.8 20 40 5 0.024 4 0.036 4 0.047 2 0.050 0 0.051 6 0.052 4 6 0.8 25 20 10 0.030 0 0.051 6 0.062 8 0.072 4 0.074 4 0.075 2 7 1.0 15 40 10 0.021 2 0.028 4 0.036 4 0.049 6 0.050 4 0.051 2 8 1.0 20 20 15 0.025 2 0.056 0 0.067 6 0.075 2 0.077 2 0.078 4 9 1.0 25 30 5 0.020 4 0.027 2 0.034 8 0.044 8 0.044 0 0.046 0
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表 8 不同配合比的膨胀复合浆液结石体的渗透系数
Table 8. Permeability coefficients of expanded composite slurry stone bodies with different proportions
试验编号 水固比 膨润土掺量/% 粉煤灰掺量/% 膨胀剂掺量/% 渗水时的压力/MPa 搜集渗水量/mL 搜集时间/s 渗透系数/(10−8 cm·s−1) 1 0.6 15 20 5 0.90 1.000 3 600 0.184 2 0.6 20 30 10 未渗水 / / / 3 0.6 25 40 15 未渗水 / / / 4 0.8 15 30 15 0.20 1.180 1 800 1.957 5 0.8 20 40 5 0.20 1.850 1 800 3.069 6 0.8 25 20 10 0.30 0.810 1 800 0.896 7 1.0 15 40 10 0.20 2.065 1 800 3.425 8 1.0 20 20 15 0.20 1.290 1 200 3.210 9 1.0 25 30 5 0.20 5.600 600 27.866
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