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Experimental study on the silting and shoal protection of single row triangular cone perforated circular-hole reef dam
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摘要: 借助波浪水槽断面模型试验，开展了不同设计水位下的单排三角锥透空圆孔礁坝对波浪的消减作用及对砂质岸滩地形演变和底层水质点运动轨迹影响的研究。由试验资料分析可知：人工礁坝对波高消减、波面形态及波浪爬高有较大影响；人工礁坝会削弱掩护区的水动力强度，减弱波浪挟沙能力，促使超饱和悬沙在礁后落淤，且通过对水质点水平运动离岸流速的阻减，防止底层泥沙产生离岸亏损。本试验研究在一定程度上揭示了人工礁坝的消浪阻流特征及砂质岸滩地形的响应规律，可为人工礁坝在砂质海滩防护中的应用提供依据。Abstract: Based on the model test of wave flume section, the effects of single row triangular cone permeable circular-hole reef dams at different design water levels on wave attenuation, topographic evolution of sandy beaches and movement track of bottom water particles were studied. From the analysis of test data, it can be seen that artificial reef dams have great influence on wave height reduction, wave surface shape and wave climbing; artificial reef dams weaken the hydrodynamic strength of the shelter area, weaken the wave sediment carrying capacity, promote the deposition of supersaturated suspended sediment behind the reef, and prevent the offshore loss of bottom sediment by resisting the offshore velocity of horizontal movement of water particles. To a certain extent, the experimental study reveals the characteristics of wave dissipation and current blocking of artificial reef dams and the response law of sandy beach topography, which can provide a scientific basis for the application of artificial reef dams in sandy beach protection.
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图 1 礁坝断面试验布置及鱼礁大样图（单位：m）
Figure 1. Experimental arrangement of reef dam section and large sample of reef (unit: m)
图 2 礁坝相对距离对透射系数的影响
Figure 2. Effect of relative distance of reef dam on transmission coefficient
图 3 礁坝防护下的波浪爬高衰减系数
Figure 3. Attenuation coefficient of wave climbing under reef dam protection
图 5 礁后底层水质点平均水平流速及潮流闭合度
Figure 5. Average horizontal flow velocity and tidal closure of the bottom water particles behind the reef
表 1 原型波入射要素
Table 1. Incident elements of prototype waves
水位情况 重现期/a H1%/m H4%/m H5%/m H13%/m T/s 极端高水位 50 4.35 3.99 3.92 3.57 8.3 25 4.00 3.65 3.55 3.20 7.9 设计高水位 50 3.58 3.26 3.17 2.86 8.3 25 3.52 3.21 3.12 2.81 7.9 设计低水位 50 2.57 2.25 2.21 1.92 8.3 25 2.52 2.20 2.16 1.88 7.9 
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