姚原,顾正华,李云,等. 森林覆盖率变化对流域洪水特性影响的数值模拟[J]. 水利水运工程学报,2020(1):9-15. doi: 10.12170/20190501003
引用本文: 姚原,顾正华,李云,等. 森林覆盖率变化对流域洪水特性影响的数值模拟[J]. 水利水运工程学报,2020(1):9-15. doi: 10.12170/20190501003
(YAO Yuan, GU Zhenghua, LI Yun, et al. Numerical simulation on flood characteristics under different forest coverage rates of watershed[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2020(1): 9-15. (in Chinese)). doi: 10.12170/20190501003
Citation: (YAO Yuan, GU Zhenghua, LI Yun, et al. Numerical simulation on flood characteristics under different forest coverage rates of watershed[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2020(1): 9-15. (in Chinese)). doi: 10.12170/20190501003

森林覆盖率变化对流域洪水特性影响的数值模拟

Numerical simulation on flood characteristics under different forest coverage rates of watershed

  • 摘要: 为研究森林覆盖率变化对洪水特性的影响,建立小溪流域的分布式水文模型,通过实测水文资料对模型重要参数进行率定和验证,并对其适用性进行评价。选取7日同次降雨序列,利用率定并验证后的数学模型对森林覆盖率从0到100%共11组工况的流域洪水过程进行模拟。结果表明,森林覆盖率的变化对小溪流域洪水特性产生一定影响,森林覆盖率越大,影响效果越明显;相比无森林覆盖条件,森林覆盖率达到最大时减小洪峰流量约13.2%,延缓洪峰到达时间约4 h,延长洪水历时约13 h;当森林覆盖率低于40%时,森林对洪峰的削减作用非常有限;当森林覆盖率大于40%时,森林覆盖率平均每增长10%,可削减洪峰流量约2%;并且随着森林覆盖率增长,洪水过程形态呈现从单峰到双峰的变化特点。

     

    Abstract: In order to study the influence of forest cover change on flood characteristics, a distributed hydrological model of Xiaoxi watershed was established. The parameters of the model were validated and verified by observed hydrologic data and its applicability was also evaluated. Then the seven-day rainfall series was selected and the model was used to simulate the flood process of Xiaoxi watershed with the forest coverage rates ranging from 0% to 100%. The results indicated that changing the forest coverage rates had a great impact on the flood characteristics of Xiaoxi watershed. The greater the forest coverage rate, the more obvious the effect. Compared with non-forest coverage condition, when the forest coverage rates reached the maximum, the flood peak flow was reduced by about 13.2%, the arrival time of the flood peak was delayed for about 4 hours, and the flood duration was extended by about 13 hours. Besides, when the forest coverage rate was less than 40%, there was a very limited reduction effect on the flood peak flow; when the forest coverage rate was more than 40%, an average of 10% increase in forest coverage could lead to 2% reduction of flood peak flow. Moreover, the shape of the flood process showed a trend from a single peak to double peaks with increasing forest coverage rate.

     

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