Email Alerts
RSS
Rationality evaluation of the delineation of drinking water source protection areas in the Baishi Reservoir
-
摘要: 饮用水水源地水环境安全事关人民生命健康，是生态环保工作的重中之重。饮用水水源地保护区划分以类比经验法为主，无法反映保护区内水质指标的时空分布及达标情况。利用EFDC建立白石水库垂向平均的二维模型，模拟其水动力和水环境变化过程，对水库水龄、污染物迁移衰减规律进行分析，评价类比经验法划定的饮用水水源保护区的合理性。通过验证水位库容曲线，丰、平、枯3种典型年水位对应曲线的相对均方根误差均小于0.1，纳什系数均大于0.85，水质模拟曲线模拟趋势与实测数据一致，模型可靠。研究发现，在丰、平、枯3种典型年条件下坝前平均水龄分别为304.4，656.4和673.2 d，水库水力交换周期长；在丰、平、枯3种水动力条件及设计污染物边界条件下模拟污染物衰减过程，结果表明除丰水年取水口处氨氮超标外，其余条件下取水口水质均可达标；以116 m水位（库首）对应高程线以下全部水域为一级保护区的划分范围可以满足取水口水质要求，验证了上述策略在保护区划分上的合理性。Abstract: The safety of the water environment in drinking water source areas is of vital importance to the lives and health of people, and is the top priority of ecological protection work. Delineations of drinking water source areas are mainly based on the analogue-empirical method, which cannot reflect the spatial and temporal distributions, or the compliance of water quality indicators in protection areas. In the study, the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) was used to establish a two-dimensional vertical average model of the Baishi Reservoir. Its hydrodynamic and water environment change processes were simulated. The water age, eutrophication, and law of pollutant migration and attenuation were then analyzed to evaluate the rationality of the drinking water source protection areas as delineated by the analogue-empirical method. Through the verification of water level and storage capacity curves, and the verification of three typical annual water-level corresponding curves, RRE < 0.1 and CNSE > 0.85 . The simulation trend of the water quality simulation curve is consistent with the measured data, and the model is reliable. It is found that the average water ages in front of the dam are 304.4 d, 656.4 d, and 673.2 d, under the three typical annual conditions of high flow year, median flow year, and low flow year, respectively. The reservoir has long hydraulic exchange periods and is prone to eutrophication. The attenuation process of pollutants is simulated under the above three hydrodynamic conditions and the boundary conditions of the designed pollutants. The results demonstrate that the water quality of the water inlet is generally up to the standard, although the ammonia nitrogen in the high flow year exceeds the standard in the water inlet. The simulation results also show that the delineations of all water areas below the 116 m water level as the first-grade protection areas can meet the water quality requirements of the water intake. The delineation of drinking water source protection areas is therefore reasonable.
-
图 2 3种典型年条件下水位验证
Figure 2. Verification of water levels under three hydrodynamic conditions
图 3 3种典型年条件下水龄空间变化
Figure 3. Spatial variation of water age under three hydrodynamic conditions
图 4 3种典型年条件下氨氮、总磷浓度分布
Figure 4. Ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration distribution under three hydrodynamic conditions
图 5 3种典型年取水口处氨氮、总磷浓度
Figure 5. Ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration at water intake under three hydrodynamic conditions
表 1 白石水库水位、库容验证评价指标统计
Table 1. Evaluation index statistics of water level verification and storage capacity verification
评价指标 水位验证 库容验证 氨氮验证 丰水年 平水年 枯水年 RRE 0.093 0 0.034 4 0.081 0 0.012 5 0.337 8 CNSE 0.877 3 0.988 1 0.930 9 0.989 6 0.045 1 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 邬容伟, 雷颉, 万金保, 等. 大型水库饮用水水源保护区划分——以老营盘水库为例[J]. 中国农村水利水电,2018(11):131-134, 138. (WU Rongwei, LEI Jie, WAN Jinbao, et al. The method of dividing drinking water source protection area in large-scale reservoir——Taking Lao Yingpan reservoir as an example[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2018(11): 131-134, 138. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2284.2018.11.026 [2] 王子林, 王玉蕊, 宋兵魁, 等. 王庆坨水库饮用水水源保护区划分研究[J]. 天津科技,2018,45(8):80-83. (WANG Zilin, WANG Yurui, SONG Bingkui, et al. Division of drinking water source protection area of Wangqingtuo reservoir[J]. Tianjin Science & Technology, 2018, 45(8): 80-83. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8945.2018.08.025 [3] 任华堂, 陶亚, 夏建新. 深圳湾水环境特性及其突发污染负荷响应研究[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报,2011,19(1):52-63. (REN Huatang, TAO Ya, XIA Jianxin. Characteristics of water environment and response to sudden loads of pollution due to accidents in Shenzhen Bay[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2011, 19(1): 52-63. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0930.2011.01.007 [4] 孙凯迪, 徐明德, 安静. 北方干旱地区水库突发污染事件应急模拟分析[J]. 中国农村水利水电,2018(9):1-6, 19. (SUN Kaidi, XU Mingde, AN Jing. An analysis of the emergency simulation of the pollution incidents in the northern arid regions[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2018(9): 1-6, 19. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2284.2018.09.001 [5] 郑婷婷, 徐明德, 景胜元, 等. 汾河水库水动力及水质数值模拟[J]. 水利水运工程学报,2016(3):105-113. (ZHENG Tingting, XU Mingde, JING Shengyuan, et al. Simulation of hydrodynamics and water quality for Fenhe reservoir[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2016(3): 105-113. (in Chinese) [6] JI Z G, HAMRICK J H, PAGENKOPF J. Sediment and metals modeling in shallow river[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2002, 128(2): 105-119. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:2(105) [7] JIN K R, JI Z G. Application and validation of three-dimensional model in a shallow lake[J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 2005, 131(5): 213-225. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2005)131:5(213) [8] JI Z G, MORTON M R, HAMRICK J M. Wetting and drying simulation of estuarine processes[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2001, 53(5): 683-700. doi: 10.1006/ecss.2001.0818 [9] 陶亚, 陈宇轩, 赵喜亮, 等. 基于EFDC模型的阿什河水环境容量季节性分析[J]. 环境工程,2017,35(7):65-69. (TAO Ya, CHEN Yuxuan, ZHAO Xiliang, et al. Analysis of seasonality difference on water environmental capacity of Ashi River based on EFDC[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2017, 35(7): 65-69. (in Chinese) [10] 任华堂, 于良, 夏建新, 等. 黄河内蒙古段水污染事故应急预警模型研究[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报,2012,20(增刊1):67-76. (REN Huatang, YU Liang, XIA Jianxin, et al. Water pollution accident emergency response and early-warning model of Inner Mongolian Part of the Yellow River[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2012, 20(Suppl1): 67-76. (in Chinese) [11] 赵正文, 冯民权, 程刚, 等. 城市人工湖动态换水水位对流速分布影响[J]. 水利水运工程学报,2018(4):88-95. (ZHAO Zhengwen, FENG Minquan, CHENG Gang, et al. Influences of water level on flow velocity distribution during dynamic water exchange in urban artificial lake[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2018(4): 88-95. (in Chinese) [12] 陈炼钢, 施勇, 钱新, 等. 闸控河网水文-水动力-水质耦合数学模型——Ⅱ. 应用[J]. 水科学进展,2014,25(6):856-863. (CHEN Liangang, SHI Yong, QIAN Xin, et al. Hydrology, hydrodynamics, water quality model for impounded rivers: Ⅱ: application[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(6): 856-863. (in Chinese) [13] 翁士创, 杨静, 廉浩. 感潮河网区突发性水污染事故预警预报关键技术探讨[J]. 水文,2009,29(增刊1):137-140. (WENG Shichuang, YANG Jing, LIAN Hao. Discussion on key technology for forecasting and warning unexpected water pollution accidents in tide river network[J]. Journal of China Hydrology, 2009, 29(Suppl1): 137-140. (in Chinese) -
点击查看大图
图(5) / 表 (1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 685
- HTML全文浏览量: 352
- PDF下载量: 30
- 被引次数: 0
