Abstract: The stress and deformation state of the sheet pile wharf is an important factor to evaluate its safe operation. This paper presents a new distributed optical fiber monitoring technology for stress and deformation of piles based on the model test, which has been successfully applied to the prototype test of reinforced concrete cast-in-situ piles for sheet pile wharf. The results show that this method can accurately reflect the distribution of deformation, bending moment and stress along the pile length during the whole process of harbor basin excavation. It can effectively monitor and evaluate the operation and construction conditions in time, which can provide safety guarantee and construction guidance for the continuous stable operation of the sheet pile wharf. This monitoring method can realize the real-time monitoring for pile structure in full depth and full period of construction, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of traditional point monitoring methods in terms of resolution and accuracy, which has certain engineering practical significance.