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Study on flow field simulation and fish hydraulic characteristics in the downstream of Cuijiaying hydroproject
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摘要: 采用原位观测试验、鱼类分布水声学探测调查与流场数值模拟相结合的方法，分析鱼类洄游对流场特性的偏好特征。构建崔家营枢纽坝下流场数值模拟模型，对洄游季枢纽不同运行条件下的下游流场进行计算，统计水深、流速等水力要素分布特征；结合同期下游鱼类集群分布探测，通过对鱼类聚集分布与流场分布特征的综合比对分析，揭示鱼类集群对流场的响应关系，提出鱼类对流场特征的偏好性曲线，为科学制定崔家营枢纽生态调度方案和其他类似生态调度工程建设提供参考和借鉴。Abstract: The characteristics of fish convection field were analyzed by in-situ observation and numerical simulation. The numerical simulation model of the flow field downstream of the dam of Cuijiaying hydroproject is constructed to calculate the downstream flow field of the hydroproject under different operation conditions in the migratory season, and the distribution characteristics of water depth, velocity and other hydraulic elements are counted. Based on the observation of the downstream fish cluster distribution in the same period, the response relationship of fish cluster to the flow field is revealed through the comprehensive comparative analysis of fish cluster distribution and flow field characteristic distribution, and the response of fish cluster to the flow field is proposed. The preference curve of flow field characteristics provides support for the scientific formulation of ecological dispatching scheme of Cuijiaying hub and the construction of other similar ecological dispatching projects.
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图 2 崔家营下游流场模拟计算范围及网格
Figure 2. Flow field calculation range and grid of downstream of Cuijiaying junction
图 3 崔家营枢纽下游流场模拟计算边界条件
Figure 3. Boundary conditions for flow field calculation of downstream of Cuijiaying junction
图 4 崔家营枢纽下游流场流速云图
Figure 4. Velocity cloud of flow field of downstream of Cuijiaying junction
图 5 崔家营下游流场模拟计算边界条件
Figure 5. Boundary conditions of flow field simulation of downstream of Cuijiaying junction
图 6 流场水深、流速与鱼类密度分布叠加
Figure 6. Superposition of depth, velocity and fish density distribution in flow field
图 7 崔家营枢纽坝下鱼类集群流速和水深偏好度
Figure 7. Flow velocity and water depth preference of fish downstream of Cuijiaying junction
图 8 不同流量工况下崔家营枢纽下游鱼类上溯通道示意
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of upstream fisheries in the downstream of Cuijiaying hub under different flow conditions
表 1 流速偏好度计算结果
Table 1. Calculation results of velocity preference
流速代表
值/（m·s−1）鱼类密度/ （ind·(l 000 m3)−1） 偏好度 0 41 891 0.46 0.1 91 862 1.00 0.2 51 902 0.56 0.3 80 459 0.88 0.4 16 388 0.18 0.5 2 972 0.03 0.6 1 503 0.02 0.7 434 0 0.8 3 045 0.03 0.9 0 0 1.0 218 0 1.2 910 0.01 
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