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Motion characteristics of ice wave and ice transport capacity of cover load
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摘要: 冰下盖移质冰颗粒集体运动时易形成一种特殊的冰情现象——冰波，其运动特性与冰塞形成、堆积演变及输冰能力密切相关。为探究冰波运动特性及盖移质输冰能力，借鉴泥沙输移理论，从理论层面建立了冰波运动的基本控制方程与盖移质输冰率方程，进一步推求了无量纲盖移质输冰强度（输冰能力）与水流强度的本构关系。结果表明：冰波形成需要一定的水力条件，冰波波高与背流面波长的变化及表征水流强度的弗劳德数Fr相关，同时也受水深、冰下阻力等因素的综合影响；建立的输冰率公式体现了输冰能力与水流条件的关系，且考虑了冰盖影响，优化了输冰能力的计算结果；总体上，输冰能力与水流强度呈复杂的函数关系，但水流强度仍是体现输冰能力的主要指标与便捷指标。研究结果可为寒区河流输冰能力的计算提供理论参考，同时可辅助揭示河流冰塞的形成机理。Abstract: Ice waves, a special ice phenomenon, easily form when the ice particles move together under an ice sheet, and their motion characteristics are closely related to the formation of ice jams, accumulation evolution and ice transport capacity. To explore the characteristics of ice wave motion and ice transport capacity, the basic governing equation of ice wave motion and the equation of ice transport rate were established theoretically based on the previous studies and sediment transport theory, and the constitutive relationship between the ice transport intensity of a non-dimensional cover load and the water flow intensity was further deduced. Results show that the formation of ice waves requires certain hydraulic conditions. The change of ice wave height and backflow surface wavelength is related to the Froude number Fr, which represents the water flow intensity, and is also affected by the water depth and the resistance under ice. The established ice transport rate formula reflects the relationship between ice transport capacity and flow conditions. In addition, the influence of the ice sheet was taken into account to optimize the calculation result of ice transport capacity. In general, there is a complex function relationship existing between the ice transport intensity and the water flow intensity, but the water flow intensity is still one of the main and convenient indexes reflecting the ice transport capacity. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the calculation of river ice transport capacity in cold regions, and can also help to reveal the formation mechanism of ice jam.
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Key words:
- ice wave /
- ice jam /
- cover load /
- movement characteristic /
- ice transport capacity
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