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Ecological operation of Lijiang parallel reservoirs considering ecological flow requirement of fish
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摘要: 水库群联合运行带来巨大的经济和社会效益，同时也对河流生态造成诸多影响。为提升漓江流域水库群联合运行的发电、通航、生态保护和青狮潭水库蓄水综合效益，构建了考虑鱼类生态需水过程的并联水库群多目标调度模型，采用第三代非支配遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅲ）对模型优化求解。结果表明：（1）与常规调度相比，优化调度在保障发电工程效益的同时，实现了通航与生态效益的提升；（2）构建的并联水库群多目标生态调度模型，在枯、平、丰水年的生态流量满足率都维持在47%之上，尤其保障了鱼类越冬、产卵和繁殖期的生态需求；（3）实施漓江并联水库群联合生态调度，青狮潭水库在枯水年和丰水年蓄水量分别增加22.26×106 m3和 24.55×106 m3，缓解了青狮潭水库供水压力。研究可为并联水库群多目标生态调度提供相关参考。Abstract: The joint operation of reservoirs brings huge economic and social benefits, and also has a lot of impacts on the river ecology. In order to improve the comprehensive benefits of power generation, navigation, ecology and Qingshitan Reservoir storage of the joint operation of Lijiang parallel reservoirs, the multi-objective parallel reservoirs operation model considering ecological flow requirement of fish is developed. The model is optimized by Non-Dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-Ⅲ. The results show that: (1) Compared with regular operation, parallel reservoirs optimal operation can ensure the benefit of power generation, and guarantee the benefit of navigation and ecology at the same time. (2) The constructed multi-objective parallel reservoir ecological operation model maintains the rate of ecological flow requirement above 47% in dry, normal and wet years. In particular, the ecological demand of fish during the winter, spawning and breeding periods is guaranteed. (3) The implementation of joint operation of the Lijiang parallel reservoirs can alleviate the pressure of water supply of Qingshitan Reservoir, and increase the reservoir storage in dry and wet years by 22.26×106 m3 and 24.55×106 m3, respectively. This study can provide a reference for multi-objective ecological operation of parallel reservoirs.
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图 1 漓江流域水系及水库分布情况
Figure 1. Distribution of water system and reservoirs in Lijiang River Basin
图 3 青狮潭、五里峡、思安江联合优化调度Pareto非劣解集（漓江二期补水工程）
Figure 3. Non-dominated solutions of optimal joint operation of Qingshitan-Wulixia-Sianjiang Reservoirs (Lijiang River water supplement project (phase two))
图 4 漓江干流流量（平水年2014年）
Figure 4. The flow of the main stream of the Lijiang River (normal year)
图 5 不同调度模式下月平均生态流量满足率（平水年2014年）
Figure 5. Guarantee rate of monthly average ecological flow under different scenes （normal year）
图 6 不同调度模式下青狮潭水库水位年变化情况（平水年2014年）
Figure 6. Annual variation of water level of Qingshitan reservoir under different scenes （normal year）
表 1 漓江二期补水工程各水库基本情况
Table 1. Basic information of reservoirs of Lijiang River water supplement project (phase two)
水库名称 总库容/
亿m3调节库容/
亿m3正常蓄水位/
m死水位/
m调节
类型青狮潭水库 6.08 3.68 225 204 多年调节 思安江水库 0.89 0.81 327 254 多年调节 五里峡水库 1.08 0.86 289 252 年调节 
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表 2 不同调度模式下水库综合效益对比
Table 2. Comparison of comprehensive benefits under different scenes
典型年 调度方式 发电量/
（107 kW·h）通航满
足率/%通航
天数/d生态流量
满足率/%枯水年
2011多库常规 6.08 79.94 291 41.06 多库优化 7.09 89.74 327 47.07 变化量 1.01 9.80 36 6.01 平水年
2014多库常规 9.68 85.66 312 66.77 多库优化 10.06 91.15 332 70.79 变化量 0.38 5.49 20 4.02 丰水年
2015多库常规 11.18 95.73 349 79.13 多库优化 11.40 98.70 360 81.12 变化量 0.22 1.97 11 1.99
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表 3 不同调度模式下青狮潭水库年平均水位及蓄水量对比
Table 3. Comparison of annual average water level and storage capacity of Qingshitan reservoir under different scenes
项目 枯水年（2011） 平水年（2014） 丰水年（2015） 水位/m 蓄水量/106m3 水位/m 蓄水量/106m3 水位/m 蓄水量/106m3 多库常规调度 215.78 198.68 218.28 248.77 218.95 263.27 多库优化调度 216.93 220.94 217.94 241.59 220.04 287.82 变化量 1.15 22.26 −0.34 −7.18 1.09 24.55
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