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Comprehensive analysis for leakage cause of the entry and outlet sections of the water-conveyance crossing structures
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摘要: 输水交叉建筑物进出口段渗流异常成因存在不确定性。采用综合分析方法探讨某长距离调水工程一跨河渡槽出口段裹头渗漏的成因。在巡视检查和加固处理等资料分析的基础上，构建统计模型，定量分析渐变段渗透压力和底板扬压力与渠道水位、气温、降雨量等环境量的关系，判断渗流的主要影响因素；通过变形监测资料分析，结合工程地质和水文地质条件，判断引起裹头渗漏的原因；进而依据流场法、探地雷达和高密度电阻率法等地球物理探测方法揭示渗漏入口和通道等。综合分析认为，渗漏从渐变段末端结构缝进入，通过渐变段、闸室段和连接段的砂砾石层基础向裹头侧流出。考虑到该调水工程常年运行，渡槽难以停水检修，提出在闸室段增加灌浆帷幕截断渗流通道的防渗加固处置建议方案。采用的综合分析方法可为同类工程问题分析和处理提供参考。Abstract: There is uncertainty for the cause of the abnormal seepage flow in the entry and outlet sections of the water-conveyance crossing structures. A comprehensive analysis method was proposed to explore the leakage cause in the outlet section of a cross-river aqueduct in a long-distance water transfer project in this research. First, the operation management data such as patrol inspection and reinforcement measure were analyzed. A statistical model was constructed to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the seepage pressure in the transition section and the uplift pressure beneath the sluice chamber, and the cannel water level, temperature, rainfall and other environmental variables. The main influencing factors of the seepage variables were preliminarily judged by the above-mentioned qualitative and quantitative analysis. Second, considering the engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions, the leakage cause of the protective structure could be further judged through the analysis of the surface deformation monitoring data. Then the leakage entrance and leakage channel was revealed based on several geophysical detection methods such as flow field method, ground penetrating radar and high-density resistivity method. Finally, according to the comprehensive analysis, it was found concluded that the leakage entered from the structural joints at the end of the transition section, and leaked out to the protective structure through the sand and gravel layer foundation of the transition section, the sluice chamber section and the connecting section. Considering the long-term operation of the water transfer project, it was difficult to stop water transfer for the aqueduct maintenance. Therefore, the anti-seepage reinforcement treatment plan, namely adding a grouting curtain to block the seepage channel beneath the sluice chamber, was proposed. The adopted comprehensive analysis method can provide reference for the analysis and treatment of similar engineering problems.
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图 2 渡槽出口段平面布置与垂直位移测点分布
Figure 2. Structural layout and distribution of vertical displacement measuring points of the outlet section of the aqueduct
图 3 出口段的工程地质与处置建议示意(单位: m)
Figure 3. Engineering geology and proposed rehabilitation measure for the outlet section (unit: m)
图 4 出口段垂直位移和渗流安全监测测点平面布置
Figure 4. Layout of monitoring points for vertical displacement and seepage of the outlet section
图 5 出口裹头渗漏量与渠道水位过程线
Figure 5. Records of leakage flow and cannel water level of the protection structure of the outlet section
图 6 出口段测压管和渗压计测值变化过程线
Figure 6. Records of installed piezometers in the outlet section
图 7 各测压管和渗压计测点实测值和拟合值对比
Figure 7. Comparison of measured and fitted values of piezometers
图 8 出口段左右两侧沿纵向各测点累计沉降量
Figure 8. Cumulative settlements of the two sides of the outlet section along the longitudinal direction
图 9 出口闸、出口渐变段结构缝两侧沉降及沉降差（单位：mm）
Figure 9. Settlements and their differences on both sides of the outlet section (unit: mm)
图 10 伪随机流场法和直流充电法检测到的渗流异常区域
Figure 10. Abnormal seepage areas detected by the flow field and the charging methods
图 11 出口段的高密度电阻率法和探地雷达法测线布置
Figure 11. Survey line layouts of the high-density resistivity and the ground penetrating radar method for the outlet section
图 12 探地雷达探测成果
Figure 12. Detection result maps obtained by the ground penetrating radar method
图 13 渐变段左右两侧反演视电阻率分布
Figure 13. Inverted apparent resistivity distribution maps on both sides of the transition section
表 1 测压管和渗压计与渠道水位间的灰色关联度
Table 1. Grey correlation degrees between piezometers and cannel water level
测点 BV03 BV09 BV12 BV15 BV16 P11 P12 渠道水位 BV03 1.000 0.888 0.770 0.694 0.889 0.858 0.825 0.401 BV09 1.000 0.610 0.653 0.770 0.790 0.872 0.348 BV12 1.000 0.609 0.700 0.682 0.632 0.349 BV15 1.000 0.778 0.745 0.724 0.502 BV16 1.000 0.933 0.857 0.447 P11 1.000 0.849 0.404 P12 1.000 0.344 渠道水位 1.000 
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表 2 各渗流测点统计模型的复相关系数及变量的相对影响
Table 2. Multiple correlation coefficients of statistical models of piezometers and relative influences of variables
测点 复相关系数 各变量相对影响/% 渠道水位 气温 降雨量 时效 BV03 0.89 6.21 66.52 0.08 27.18 BV15 0.91 3.66 21.04 0.18 75.11 BV16 0.90 4.05 66.79 0.10 29.06 P11 0.89 9.37 66.91 0.07 23.65 P12 0.89 11.69 52.82 0.34 35.15
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