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Model test study on landslide dam material improvement by rolling dynamic compaction
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摘要: 为丰富堰塞坝开发利用理论，探究适宜堰塞坝料的密实方法和设计参数，研究了冲击碾压方法对堰塞坝料的密实效果和密实机理。基于相似定律设计了不同冲击轮质量及牵引速度的天然堰塞坝料室内冲击碾压模型试验，综合采用宏-细观方法测试了冲击碾压后的动应力发展传播规律、变形特性、颗粒运动和加固效果等。试验结果表明：（1）冲击轮引起的冲击荷载为三角形脉冲荷载，产生的接触应力随着牵引速度和冲击轮质量的增大而增大，引起的地基动土应力随着碾压次数的增加而增加；（2）冲击碾压对堰塞料地基表层的加固效果良好，地基内部动土应力和位移皆随深度迅速减小，深度3.6 m范围内的堰塞坝料强度提升明显；（3）提高冲击轮的速度对加固效果的影响更大，可以有效提高冲击动应力，进而使得冲碾加固效果向深层传递；（4）满足易贡堰塞坝料的冲击碾压参数为：冲击轮质量为13.5 t，牵引速度为3.46 m/s，碾压遍数为12遍。Abstract: In order to enrich the development and utilization theory of landslide dam, explore the densification method and design parameters suitable for landslide material, and study the densification effect and mechanism of rolling dynamic compaction on landslide material. Based on the similarity law, the laboratory model test of rolling dynamic compaction on natural landslide material with different impact roller weight and traction speed was designed. The macroscopic and meso-method was comprehensively used to test the development and propagation law of dynamic stress, deformation characteristics, particle movement and reinforcement effect after rolling dynamic compaction. The test results showed that the impact load caused by the roller was a triangular pulse load, the contact stress increased with the increasing traction speed and impact roller weight, and the dynamic soil stress of foundation increased with the increasing roller passes. Rolling dynamic compaction had a good reinforcement effect on the surface layer of landslide dam material foundation. The dynamic soil stress and displacement inside the foundation decreased rapidly with the depth, and the strength within the depth of 3.6 m increased significantly. The increasing speed of the impact roller had a greater improvement on the reinforcement effect, which can effectively improve the impact dynamic stress, and then transfer the reinforcement effect of roller to the deep layer. The rolling dynamic compaction parameters that were suitable for the Yigong landslide dam material are: the impact roller weight of 13.5 t, the traction speed of 3.46 m/s, and the number of passes of 12.
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图 2 堰塞料冲击碾压模型试验装置
Figure 2. Model test devicefor rolling dynamic compactiontest of landslide dam material
图 3 堰塞体原状材料和试验材料的级配曲线
Figure 3. Gradation curve of undisturbed material and test material of landslide dam
图 4 冲击碾压荷载作用下堰塞坝料的典型接触应力测试结果
Figure 4. Test results of typical contact stress of landslide dam material during rolling dynamic compaction
图 5 不同深度动土应力峰值随冲击碾压次数变化
Figure 5. Variation of dynamic stress peak value with number of passes at different depths
图 6 堰塞坝料地基中动应力峰值随深度的衰减规律曲线
Figure 6. Attenuation curve of dynamic stress peak value with depth in landslide dam material foundation
图 7 堰塞料地基表面沉降与碾压次数的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between surface settlement of landslide dam material and number of passes
图 8 不同牵引速度下模型地基比贯入阻力与深度的关系
Figure 8. Relationships between specific penetration resistance and depth of model foundation under different traction speeds
图 10 堰塞料强夯及冲击碾压加固颗粒运动情况
Figure 10. Movementof reinforcement particles of landslide dam material by rolling dynamic compaction
表 1 冲击碾压试验原型与模型参数对照
Table 1. Comparison of parameters inrolling dynamic compactionbetween prototype and model test
序号 冲击轮质量/kg 冲击轮外接圆直径/cm 牵引速度/（m·s−1） 原型 模型 原型 模型 原型 模型 1 7 300 4.22 210 17.5 1.73 0.5 2 7 300 4.22 210 17.5 3.46 1.0 3 13 500 7.81 210 17.5 1.73 0.5 4 13 500 7.81 210 17.5 3.46 1.0 
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