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Model experimental studies of safety of moored ship under landslide surge action
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摘要: 随着我国逐步加快在长江中上游山区河流的水利水电和港口航道工程建设，内河库港在滑坡涌浪作用下，如何保证船舶系泊安全成为一个极其关键的问题。为了提高滑坡涌浪对内河库港运行安全影响程度的认识，以江南沱口直立式高桩码头为依托，选择内河3 000 t甲板驳船为研究对象进行物理模型试验。深入分析了滑坡涌浪作用下系泊船舶系缆力和撞击能的影响因素，以及波高、水深等因素影响下系泊船舶系缆力和撞击能的变化规律。结合规范和试验数据，得出了涌浪作用下船舶系缆力和船舶撞击能的经验计算式，确定了滑坡涌浪对内河库港船舶系泊安全的影响程度，并提出了相应的对策和意见。Abstract: With a fast development of hydraulic engineering, the hydropower engineering and port waterway engineering in the middle-upper reaches of the Yangtze River, how to ensure the safety of the moored ships in the inland navigation ports under the action of landslide surge is an extremely important issue. In order to well understand the influence degrees of the landslide surge impacting the inland navigation ports, model test researches were carried out by taking 3 000 t deck barges moored in the Jiannan Tuokou port as a research object. On the basis of analyses and studies of the impact factors of the mooring force and the impact energy by the action of the landslide surge, the change law of the mooring force and the impact energy was found out from the surge wave height and water depth. According to the specifications and test data, the empirical formula for the mooring force and impact energy was given by a regression analysis. Ascertaining the influence degrees of the landslide surge impacting the inland navigation port, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for the port operation and management. The research results show that the findings have a high practical value and can be applied to the forecast and prevention of the landslide surge impacts on the navigation ports located at mountain rivers.
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Key words:
- landslide surge /
- mooring line force /
- impact energy
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图 2 涌浪作用下船舶系缆力试验值和计算值对比
Figure 2. Comporison between test values and calculation values of ship mooring force by action of surge
表 1 船舶主尺度参数
Table 1. Parameters of moored ship sizes
船型参数 实船 船模 船长/m 90 1.28 型深/m 4 0.057 型宽/m 16 0.228 设计吃水/m 3.3 0.047 方形系数 0.8 0.8 满载排水量 3 000 t 8 700 g 
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表 2 典型涌浪参数工况
Table 2. Typical parameters of landslide surge
工况 入射波高/
cm对岸船舶
系缆力/kN对岸船舶
撞击能/kJ工况 入射周期/s 对岸船舶
系缆力/kN对岸船舶
撞击能/kJ工况 水深/m 对岸船舶
系缆力/kN对岸船舶
撞击能/kJ1 1.80 174.50 56.40 2 0.60 165.20 64.30 3 0.74 213.40 84.30 7 2.10 184.20 90.50 11 0.70 174.50 75.60 12 0.88 224.60 79.60 2 2.20 183.20 102.30 20 0.80 184.60 58.70 21 1.16 207.80 80.40 4 2.70 198.40 104.80 28 1.10 198.60 74.50 28 0.74 245.60 89.60 3 3.10 209.60 113.60 37 1.20 184.50 60.20 37 0.88 258.70 91.30 8 3.60 246.30 132.50 46 1.00 197.30 76.30 46 1.16 236.50 87.10 5 3.70 267.80 154.50 55 1.30 201.30 81.20 51 0.74 216.90 84.60 6 4.90 387.60 193.40 64 1.50 195.40 78.60 60 0.88 217.30 78.60 9 6.30 779.80 258.70 73 1.40 187.70 72.30 69 1.16 236.10 78.40
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表 3 典型涌浪波高下船舶系缆力值
Table 3. Typical parameters of ship mooring force by action of landslide surge
工况 初始波高/m 入射波高/m 对岸码头船首系缆力/kN 对岸码头船尾系缆力/kN 同岸码头船首系缆力/kN 同岸码头船尾系缆力/kN 19 0.84 0.21 195.50 171.50 85.70 41.90 10 1.05 0.42 198.20 137.20 102.90 31.10 73 2.45 0.90 200.60 185.20 174.50 54.20 37 3.50 0.93 198.10 188.60 165.30 66.60 56 4.20 1.26 286.80 250.30 179.80 125.30 61 5.25 1.33 306.80 229.80 201.30 114.30 31 8.05 1.68 428.90 408.10 347.30 132.50 41 7.56 1.73 433.40 237.00 347.70 174.50 42 11.62 2.17 670.90 348.00 714.20 198.60 54 14.00 3.22 810.80 456.10 784.20 300.90
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表 4 典型涌浪波高下船舶撞击能值
Table 4. Typical parameters of impact energy by action of landslide surge
工况 初始波高/m 入射波高/m 对岸码头船首撞击能/kJ 对岸码头船尾撞击能/kJ 同岸码头船首撞击能/kJ 同岸码头船尾撞击能/kJ 19 0.84 0.21 56.40 41.50 16.20 21.10 10 1.05 0.42 90.56 75.20 27.80 14.80 73 2.45 0.92 102.36 89.82 27.50 21.00 37 3.50 0.93 157.50 143.00 117.20 101.30 56 4.20 1.26 193.40 162.50 134.30 122.40 61 5.25 1.33 258.70 349.40 215.40 181.20 31 8.05 1.68 522.50 343.90 280.50 289.60 41 7.56 1.73 898.40 842.30 328.10 273.20 42 11.62 2.17 867.20 823.20 410.60 370.80 54 14.00 3.22 985.20 927.00 673.90 612.10
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