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Comprehensive evaluation of water-saving society based on analytic network process
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摘要: 节水型社会综合评价对全面深入推进节水工作具有重要作用。针对评价指标之间相互影响的客观事实，将网络层次分析法引入节水型社会综合评价中。以常熟市为例，首先构建节水型社会评价指标体系，并分析各指标之间的相互作用关系，运用Super Decisions软件建立ANP模型，通过求解超矩阵确定指标权重。其次对2008—2012年间节水型社会建设程度进行综合评价计算，并与AHP法的评价结果比较。结果表明，常熟市节水型社会建设推进迅速，2008年时综合评价分值低于合格值，节水型社会水平较低；2012年分值接近90，达到较优水平，基本建立了与现代化相适应的节水防污型社会。该评价结果与AHP法的评价结果基本一致，且更加符合常熟市的实际情况，验证了网络层次分析法的科学合理性以及在综合评价节水型社会建设中具有良好的应用前景。Abstract: A comprehensive evaluation of the water-saving society is significant for promoting thorough water saving. Aiming at the objective fact that evaluation indexes are interactional, an analytic network process is used for assessment of the water-saving society. Taking the Changshu city as an example, the evaluation index system of the water saving society is built and the interaction between the indexes is revealed. On the basis of the above analysis, the ANP model, which calculates weights of each index by solving super matrix, is established by the software—Super Decisions. The results of ANP comprehensive evaluation from 2008 to 2012 which can reflect the level of the water-saving society are calculated and compared with the AHP model. Analysis results show that the development of the water-saving society is rapid in the Changshu city. In 2008, the score of comprehensive evaluation was lower than the qualified grade, indicating that water saving was at a low level in the Changshu city. But in 2012, the score was close to 90. In other words, the Changshu city keeps its development at a high speed and establishes a water-saving and pollution-prevention society adapted to modernization. The results of ANP model are in accordance with the AHP model. And the results are more suitable with the actual situation in the Changshu city, which demonstrates that ANP model is scientific and reasonable, and has a favorable application prospect in comprehensive evaluation of the water-saving society.
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表 1 常熟市节水型社会评价指标体系
Table 1. Index system of water-saving society for Changshu city
指标类型 考核指标 指标含义 农业节水指标A 水分生产率A1 反映粮食生产用水效率 灌溉水利用系数A2 反映灌溉用水效率 城镇生活用水指标L 城镇生活人均综合用水量L1 反映生活综合用水效率 节水器具普及率L2 反映生活节水器具安装情况 供水管网漏损率L3 反映供水管网管理和技术水平 工业节水指标I 万元工业增加值用水量I1 反映工业用水效益水平 工业用水重复利用率I2 反映工业用水效率水平 水生态指标E 水功能区水质达标率E1 反映水环境质量状况 城市生活污水集中处理率E2 反映城市生活污水集中处理水平 综合指标Z 万元GDP用水量Z1 反映区域用水效益水平 计划用水率Z2 反映用水管理情况 人均GDP Z3 反映区域经济水平 
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表 2 指标值规范化结果
Table 2. Results of standardized indexes
考核指标 最大值 最优值 规范化值(无量纲) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 水分生产率(kg/m3) - 1.3 89.23 1.33 90.73 1.36 91.47 灌溉水利用系数 - 0.7 85.71 87.14 87.14 90.00 91.43 城镇生活人均综合用水量(L/(人·d)) 300 150 79.60 69.07 63.13 59.60 57.80 节水器具普及率(%) - 100 80.00 89.00 94.00 96.00 97.00 供水管网漏损率(%) 18 12 48.75 60.00 65.00 68.75 71.25 万元工业增加值用水量(m3) 40 16 53.33 69.17 76.25 82.92 92.08 工业用水重复利用率(%) - 85 80.71 84.35 87.41 90.35 93.18 水功能区水质达标率(%) - 70 39.57 51.14 62.29 83.14 92.29 城市生活污水集中处理率% - 98 88.78 89.29 95.41 97.96 98.98 万元GDP用水量(m3) 195.1 80 26.59 32.67 54.65 82.97 93.40 计划用水率(%) - 100 90.00 94.00 96.00 97.00 98.00 人均GDP(万元) - 226 485 47.68 50.96 60.16 70.76 77.95
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表 3 水生态指标簇的影响因素判断矩阵以及权重
Table 3. Judgment matrix and weight of factors influencing ecological index clusters
水生态指标 A L I E Z 权重值 A 1 1 1/5 1/2 1/5 0.069 L 1 1 1/4 1 1/4 0.087 I 5 4 1 3 1/3 0.282 E 1/2 1 1/3 1 1/3 0.112 Z 5 4 3 3 1 0.449
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表 4 各指标簇权重
Table 4. Weights of each index cluster
次准则指标簇 A L I E Z A 0.75 0 0 0.069 0.128 L 0 1 0 0.087 0.087 I 0 0 1 0.282 0.248 E 0.25 0 0 0.112 0.069 Z 0 0 0 0.449 0.466
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表 5 城镇生活指标簇中影响指标E1的元素判断矩阵以及权重
Table 5. Judgment matrix and weight of factors in urban living index cluster influencing E1
水功能区水质达标率E1 L1 L2 L3 权重值 城镇生活人均综合用水量L1 1 2 3 0.540 节水器具普及率L2 1/2 1 2 0.163 供水管网漏损率L3 1/3 1/2 1 0.297
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表 6 初始超矩阵
Table 6. Unweighted super matrix
考核指标 A L I E Z A1 A2 L1 L2 L3 I1 I2 E1 E2 Z1 Z2 Z3 A A1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.250 0 0.5 0.667 0 A2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.750 0 0.5 0.333 0 L L1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.540 0.750 0 1 0 L2 0 0 0.333 0 0 0 0 0.163 0 0 0 0 L3 0 0 0.667 0 0 0 0 0.297 0.250 0 0 0 I I1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.750 0 0.8 0.667 0 I2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.250 0 0.2 0.333 0 E E1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 E2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Z Z1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.594 0 0 0.8 0 Z2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.249 0 0 0 0 Z3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.157 0 1 0.2 0
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表 7 加权超矩阵
Table 7. Weighted super matrix
考核指标 A L I E Z A1 A2 L1 L2 L3 I1 I2 E1 E2 Z1 Z2 Z3 A A1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.017 0 0.076 0.086 0 A2 0.750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.052 0 0.076 0.043 0 L L1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.047 0.75 0 0.087 0 L2 0 0 0.333 0 0 0 0 0.014 0 0 0 0 L3 0 0 0.667 0 0 0 0 0.026 0.25 0 0 0 I I1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.212 0 0.236 0.165 0 I2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.071 0 0.059 0.083 0 E E1 0.250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.070 0 E2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.112 0 0 0 0 Z Z1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.266 0 0 0.373 0 Z2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.112 0 0 0 0 Z3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0 0.553 0.093 0
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表 8 极限超矩阵
Table 8. Extreme super matrix
考核指标 A L I E Z A1 A2 L1 L2 L3 I1 I2 E1 E2 Z1 Z2 Z3 A A1 0.021 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.021 0 0.021 0.021 0 A2 0.088 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0 L L1 0.084 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.084 0 0.084 0.084 0 L2 0.066 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.066 0 0.066 0.066 0 L3 0.046 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.046 0 0.046 0.046 0 I I1 0.242 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.242 0 0.242 0.242 0 I2 0.076 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.076 0 0.076 0.076 0 E E1 0.025 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.025 0 0.025 0.025 0 E2 0.013 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.013 0 0.013 0.013 0 Z Z1 0.280 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.280 0 0.280 0.280 0 Z2 0.012 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.012 0 0.012 0.012 0 Z3 0.047 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.047 0 0.047 0.047 0
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表 9 各指标的权重
Table 9. Weights of each index
A1 A2 L1 L2 L3 I1 I2 E1 E2 Z1 Z2 Z3 0.021 0.088 0.084 0.066 0.046 0.242 0.076 0.025 0.013 0.280 0.012 0.047
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表 10 2008—2012常熟市节水型社会综合评价结果
Table 10. Comprehensive evaluation of water-saving society in Changshu, from 2008 to 2012
年份 ANP AHP 分值 等级 分值 等级 2008 57.02 不合格 60.52 合格 2009 61.88 合格 66.75 合格 2010 71.47 合格 73.40 合格 2011 81.35 良好 82.45 良好 2012 89.12 较优 89.22 较优
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