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Characteristic analysis of dredging maintenance for Yangtze River estuary deepwater navigation channel in 2015
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摘要: 以大量工程现场资料为基础，初步分析2015年长江口航道运行维护特征，以及今后一段时期深水航道维护形势。分析表明，通过维护性疏浚，2015年长江口航道运行状况良好，12.5 m深水航道已进入全面发挥效益的稳定运行阶段。2015年南港北槽12.5 m航道维护疏浚强度总体仍保持时空相对集中的分布特征。与2011—2014年相比，2015年南港及圆圆沙段疏浚强度下降近15%，全年1—12月疏浚强度也普遍有所降低，这主要与南港河床地形条件和周边河势的改善，以及疏浚工艺与管理的优化有关。今后一段时期，在长江口河势格局及水沙动力环境整体稳定的前提下，12.5 m深水航道维护态势总体可控，且趋于向好。由于航道回淤时空分布特征未发生根本改变，后续长江口深水航道的重点维护时段和区段依然是夏秋季(6—11月)和北槽中段。
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关键词:
- 长江口 /
- 疏浚维护 /
- 航道淤积 /
- 12.5 m深水航道 /
- 南槽
Abstract: Based on a series of engineering field data, the characteristics of dredging maintenance and sedimentation of the Yangtze River estuary 12.5 m deepwater navigation channel (DNC) in 2015 are primarily analyzed, meanwhile the sedimentation trend of the DNC in the future is also discussed. The analysis results show that the DNC operation was under a good condition in 2015 and the total dredging volume was in a controllable and reasonable range. Thus, the DNC has stepped into a steady operation stage, which has achieved a desired social and economic effect. The temporal and spatial distribution of the dredging intensity in the south waterway's north passage of the DNC was still relatively concentrated in 2015. Comparing with 2011-2014, the dredging intensity of the south waterway and Yuanyuansha channel was reduced by 15% in 2015, and the dredging intensity in all the months during the year was also generally decreased, which is mainly related to the improvement of the bed bathymetry condition of the south waterway and the surrounding river regime as well as optimization the dredging management. In the future, under the stable conditions of the river regime and water-sediment dynamic environment in the Yangtze River estuary, the maintenance situation of the DNC will be overall controllable and positive. Because the space-time characteristics of the sedimentation are not variable substantially, the maintenance highlight of the DNC is still in the summer and autumn (June to November) and the location is in the middle-stream of the north passage. -
图 1 长江口航道地理位置(浏河口以下)
Figure 1. Location of Yangtze estuary waterway (below Liuhe River mouth)
图 2 2015年南港北槽12.5 m航道维护疏浚强度时空分布
Figure 2. Space-time distribution of dredging intensity of south channel's north passage 12.5 m-deep waterway in 2015
图 3 2015年长江口深水航道(浏河口至南北槽分汊口)水下地形
Figure 3. Underwater topography of Yangtze estuary deepwater navigation channel (from Liuhe River mouth to south and north passage's bifurcation) in 2015
图 4 南槽5.5 m航道疏浚单元
Figure 4. Dredging units of 5.5 m-deep navigation channel of south passage
图 5 2015年南槽航道疏浚量和维护水深沿程分布
Figure 5. Longitudinal distribution of dredging volume and water depth in navigation channel of south passage in 2015
图 6 2011－2015年典型断面形态变化
Figure 6. Morphological changes of typical cross sections in 2011－2015
表 1 2015年长江口航道维护标准
Table 1. Maintenance criterion for Yangtze estuary waterway in 2015
航段 里程/km 航道尺度(水深×航宽)/(m×m) 维护类别 航道维护水深年保证率/% 12.5 m深水航道向上延伸段 33.0 12.5×(350~460) 一类 ≥95 12.5 m深水航道南港北槽段 92.2 12.5×(350~460) 一类 ≥95 南槽5.5 m航道 86.0 5.5×250 一类 ≥90 注：① 向上延伸段指三期航道上口W0至浏河口航段；② 南槽航道养护范围指圆圆沙灯船至南槽口外灯船。 
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表 2 长江口12.5 m深水航道(南港北槽段)疏浚单元
Table 2. Dredging units in Yangtze estuary 12.5 m-deep navigation channel (north passage of south channel)
航道分段 长度/km 疏浚单元 南港段(W0~W1) 10.0 Ⅲ-A~Ⅲ-E 圆圆沙段(W1~W2) 17.0 ⅡN-A~A 北槽上段(W2~W3) 21.8 B~K 北槽下段(W3~W4) 25.4 L~X 口外段(W4~W5) 18.0 Y~Ⅲ-Ⅰ 合计 92.2 Ⅲ-A~Ⅲ-Ⅰ
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表 3 2015年南港北槽12.5 m航道回淤量统计
Table 3. Siltation amount of south channel's north passage 12.5 m-deep waterway in 2015
104m3 时段 南港及圆圆沙段(W0~W2) 北槽段(W2~W4) 口外段(W4~W5) 全航槽(W0~W5) 2015年 728 5 746 466 6 940 2011－2014年 1 894 6 492 203 8 589 两时段相比 -1 166 -746 263 -1 649
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表 4 2015年南港北槽12.5 m航道考核测量频次
Table 4. Assessment of measuring frequencies of south channel's north passage 12.5 m-deep waterway in 2015
维护时段 调整前 调整后 航道考核日期 相应维护疏浚管理措施 1－5月 每月1次 两月1次 一般安排在单数月进行航道考核 对航道内个别浅点及小片浅区暂不疏浚，待考核测量期间进行集中施工，以降低疏浚活动对航槽的扰动，有助于充分利用1－5月时段航道呈冲刷环境的特性 6－12月 每月2次 每月1次 一般安排在当月下旬25日左右进行航道考核 根据航槽水深和回淤变化，科学调度和合理安排耙吸船施工；要求施工船舶适当增加疏浚溢流时间，增大装舱浓度；在台风浮泥多发期，适时开展浮泥观测和加密测量，要求耙吸船采用疏浚扰动的方式驱赶浮泥
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