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Experimental studies of pulsating pressures on pervious base slab with keyway
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摘要: 消力塘防护结构是大坝安全的第一道防线，消力塘的安全是高坝泄洪安全的前提与保障。依托向家坝物理模型，以将“主动防护”与“被动防护”相结合的带键槽的透水底板为试验对象进行试验，主要针对带键槽透水底板的脉缝隙水流压力特性、下表面的脉动压力分布规律、时空相关性、空间相关性和压力频谱特性进行试验分析。结果表明，在水跃稳定区，增设透水孔后，带键槽底板下表面及垂直缝隙处各测点脉动压强最大值和脉动压强系数有所减小；带键槽底板下表面各测点间的相关性有所减小，同时涡漩的空间积分尺度与保持性减小；底板下表面及键槽处各测点的功率谱密度有所减小，并趋于低频。Abstract: The stilling basin protection structure plays as a first line of defense for dam safety, and the safety of the stilling basin and spillway becomes a safety premise of the dam. Based on the Xiangjiaba physical model, the model tests on the pervious base slab with keyway have been carried out in this study, in combination with "active protection" and "passive defense". And the characteristics of the pulsating water pressure from the groove, the distribution law of the pulsating pressure on the lower surface, the spatiotemporal correlation, the spatial correlation and the pressure spectrum characteristics of the pervious base slab with keyway are analyzed in this paper. The model tests results show that the the maximum values of the measured pulsation pressures on the lower surface and vertical groove of the pervious base slab with keyway have slightly decreased after addition of the permeable holes at the water jump stable region; the pulsation pressure coefficients measured at the measuring points located on the lower surface and the vertical groove of the pervious base slab with keyway have slightly decreased; the correlation between the measuring points located on the lower surface have also slightly decreased and at the same time the vortex space integral scale and maintenance have been reduced; and the power spectral density measured at the lower surface and the measuring points on the keyway has been reduced and it tends to have lower frequency.
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Key words:
- pervious base slab /
- pulsating pressure /
- model tests
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图 5 底板各测点脉动压力最大值
Figure 5. Maximum pressure pulsation values of measuring points on pervious floor
图 6 上表面脉动压力最小值
Figure 6. Minimum pressure pulsation values of measuring points on upper surface of pervious floor
图 7 底板上表面各测点脉动压强系数
Figure 7. Fluctuating pressure coefficients of measuring points on base plate
图 8 上下表面典型测点互相关曲线
Figure 8. Cross-correlation curves of typical measuring points on upper and lower surface
图 9 底板下表面各测点功率谱密度
Figure 9. Power spectral density on lower surface of each measuring point
图 10 底板键槽缝隙测点功率谱密度
Figure 10. Power spectral density of measurement points on floor keyway slot
表 1 各测点互相关系数
Table 1. Cross-correlation coefficients of each point
互相关测点 透水底板 不透水底板 Fr=6.30 Fr=5.06 Fr=6.30 Fr=5.06 5-8 0.769 5 0.796 3 0.853 0 0.824 4 6-7 0.816 6 0.819 5 0.963 6 0.964 4 7-8 0.928 5 0.933 9 0.929 1 0.916 7 9-10 0.898 3 0.896 5 0.899 8 0.890 5 9-11 0.859 5 0.831 6 0.783 7 0.769 4 9-12 0.827 9 0.785 1 0.653 5 0.635 3 9-13 0.777 8 0.718 0 0.535 6 0.531 9 1-2 0.586 2 0.562 9 0.656 1 0.623 3 1-3 0.510 1 0.491 1 0.550 1 0.517 5 1-4 0.457 3 0.450 6 0.480 5 0.419 9 2-3 0.608 6 0.581 1 0.701 2 0.669 3 3-4 0.671 3 0.693 6 0.688 7 0.694 8 5-6 0.855 9 0.849 1 0.971 7 0.948 0 5-7 0.805 4 0.833 8 0.926 8 0.906 3 
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表 2 水跃区下表面各测点脉动压力空间积分尺度
Table 2. Spatial integral scales of pulsating pressures of each measuring point on lower surface in water jump area
测点 Fr=6.30 Fr=5.06 透水 不透水 透水 不透水 5 2.037 2.234 2.004 2.210 6 1.535 1.676 1.476 1.659 7 1.119 1.132 1.115 1.126 8 0.090 0.093 0.090 0.093
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