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Analysis of variation in human body comfort days of different grades and its spatial distribution in Liaoning Province in recent 50 years
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摘要: 根据1964—2015年辽宁省23个气象站点的逐日平均气温、相对湿度及平均风速资料，采用人体舒适度指数法计算人体舒适度指数，在季尺度上分析辽宁省不同等级舒适日数演变情况及典型旅游城市最佳旅游期；运用旋转经验正交函数分解法(REOF)，分析人体舒适度指数季尺度空间变化特征，并应用ArcGIS软件进行舒适区域划分。结果表明：①辽宁省多年平均冷不舒适日数呈降低趋势，舒适日数呈增加趋势，热不舒适日数也呈微弱增加趋势；舒适程度夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季；②除冬季外5座典型旅游城市均适宜旅游，夏季为最佳旅游期；其中，沈阳、本溪更适宜春季旅游，大连更适宜秋季旅游。③辽宁省四季舒适度变化情况可大致划分为辽西、辽中、辽东三个区域，具体划分情况随季节有相应变化，总体舒适度由辽宁东部向西部逐渐递减。Abstract: The influences of the human body comfort on the daily life and work of the public are significant, and the studies of its changing characteristics are of great significance to the urban meteorological service. Based on the daily mean temperature, relative humidity and average wind speed data collected by 23 meteorological stations in Liaoning Province from 1964 to 2015, the human body comfort index is used to calculate the comfort index of the human body. The evolution of the comfort days of different grades in Liaoning Province is analyzed in accodance with the season scales. The optimal travel periods of the typical tourist cities are analyzed by using the rotation empirical orthogonal function decomposition method (REOF), and the analysis of the spatial variation in the geometric comfort index is carried out. An ArcGIS software is used to divide the comfort regions. The analysis results show that: ① The average number of the cold uncomfortable days in Liaoning Province has a decreasing trend, and the number of comfortable days has an increasing trend, meanwhile the number of days of the heat discomfort has a slight increase trend. The comfort degree is summer> autumn> spring> winter; ②Except for winter, the five typical tourist cities are suitable for tourism, the summer is the best season for tourists to have a great tour; Shenyang and Benxi are more suitable for the spring tourism, and Dalian city is more suitable for the autumn tourism; ③The changes of comfort in four seasons of Liaoning Province can be roughly divided into three regions: western Liaoning, Liaozhong and Liaodong. The specific situation varies with the seasons, and the overall comfort is gradually decreasing from the eastern to the western regions of Liaoning Province. The results given by this study are aimed to provide the theoretical suggestions and guiding opinions for the daily life and a scientific reference to the travel of the public.
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图 1 辽宁省23个站点空间分布
Figure 1. Spatial distribution of 23 weather stations in Liaoning Province
图 4 辽宁省典型旅游城市春、夏、秋三季舒适日数年平均值
Figure 4. Annual average of comfortable days of spring, summer and autumn of Liaoning typical tourist cities
图 5 辽宁省四季舒适度空间分布
Figure 5. The four seasons spatial distribution of human comfort in Liaoning Province
表 1 辽宁省人体舒适度等级划分
Table 1. Classification of human comfort level in Liaoning Province
级别 人体感觉 舒适度指数 1 极度寒冷，裸露皮肤冻伤 I＜0 2 很寒冷，人体感觉极不舒适 0≤I＜25 3 寒冷，人体感觉不舒适 25≤I＜38 4 很凉，大多数人感觉不舒适 38≤I＜50 5 凉，大多数人感觉较舒适 50≤I＜58 6 温暖，人体感觉舒适 58≤I＜70 7 暖，大多数人感觉较舒适 70≤I＜75 8 热，大多数人感觉不舒适 75≤I＜80 9 炎热，人体感觉不舒适 80≤I＜85 10 极热，人体感觉极不舒适 85≤I＜88 11 酷热，有中暑的高可能性 I≥88 
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表 2 EOF和REOF各季度前3个荷载向量对总方差的贡献百分比
Table 2. Total normalized variances accounted for by each of the first three EOF and REOF of the four seasons
载荷向量序号 EOF/REOF 方差贡献 贡献率/% 累计贡献率/% 1 19.288/10.640 83.862/46.261 83.862/46.261 春季 2 1.970/8.462 4.215/36.791 88.077/83.052 3 1.771/1.926 3.350/8.375 91.428/91.428 1 18.049/10.302 78.476/44.790 78.476/44.790 夏季 2 1.238/7.710 5.383/33.523 83.859/78.313 3 1. 079/2.066 3.436/8.982 87.295/87.295 1 18.274/9.799 79.452/42.603 79.452/42.603 秋季 2 1.342/9.178 5.835/39.902 85.288/82.505 3 1.034/1.474 3.624/6.407 88.912/88.912 1 18.276/7.374 79.461/31.942 79.461/31.942 冬季 2 1.283/6.860 5.578/29.826 85.039/61.768 3 1. 093/6.282 4.042/27.314 89.081/89.081 注：表中“/”前数值为EOF法计算结果，“/”后数值为REOF法计算结果。
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