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Numerical study of hydraulic characteristics of self-diffluence structure in second diversion port of high-head lock
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摘要: 高水头船闸输水水流能量巨大，水力指标高，对输水系统布置和型式提出了更高要求。大藤峡水利枢纽工程船闸最大设计水头40.25 m，输水系统第二分流口拟采用空腔自分流型式，在国内外尚无先例。通过采用三维数值模拟的技术手段对该分流口型式及输水系统整体分流性能进行系统研究，详细分析在各典型充、泄水时刻第二分流口部位的水动力特性，论证在工程实际应用中的可行性。研究结果表明，在合理布置各分支廊道的出水支孔尺寸后，该分流口型式在充、泄水过程中分流效果较好，但在分流口内部存在典型流速、压力分布区域，特别是在泄水工况下分流口大墩头附近存在较大范围三角低流速紊动区域，可能会对分流口结构造成不利影响。研究成果可为全面掌握该分流口型式的水力特性以及进一步改进优化提供技术参考。Abstract: The water flow energy of high-head lock is huge, and the hydraulic indexes are quite high, which puts forward higher requirements for the layout and type selection of the filling and emptying system.The maximum design head of Datengxia single-step lock is 40.25 m. The second diversion port of the filling and emptying system is intended to adopt a self-diffluence structure and there is no precedent at home and abroad. A systematic research on the diversion port and the performance of filling and emptying system is carried out in this study by means of three-dimensional numerical simulation. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the second diversion port at typical charging and discharging time are analyzed in detail. What's more, the feasibility of its application in practical engineering is demonstrated. The results show that the diffluence effect is relatively good in the process of charging and discharging through reasonable arrangement of the outlet hole size of each branch corridor. However, the typical flow velocity and pressure distribution area will appear inside the diversion port, especially in the case of discharging. There is a large region of triangular low velocity turbulent flow near the big pier head, which may have an adverse impact on the structure of the diversion port. The research results can provide reliable technical reference for fully understanding the hydraulic characteristics of this type of diversion port and also contribute to its further improvement and optimization.
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Key words:
- lock /
- diversion port /
- self-diffluence /
- hydraulic characteristics /
- numerical simulation
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图 4 第二分流口及部分输水廊道三维流场(充水)
Figure 4. 3D flow field of second diversion port and part of conveyance culvert (water filling condition)
图 5 不同水位-流量工况下第二分流口水平剖面流场分布(单位：m/s)
Figure 5. Flow field distribution in the horizontal section under the condition of different water levels and flow rates (unit: m/s)
图 6 不同水位-流量工况下第二分流口水平剖面压力分布(单位：Pa)
Figure 6. Pressure distribution in the horizontal section under the condition of different water levels and flow rates (unit: Pa)
图 7 各分支廊道及出水支孔编号设置(单位：cm)
Figure 7. Number setting of each branch corridor and outlet hole (unit: cm)
图 8 不同充水工况下各分支廊道流量对比
Figure 8. Comparison of flow rate of each corridor under different water filling conditions
图 9 不同充水工况下各出水支孔流量对比
Figure 9. Comparison of flow rate of each outlet hole under different water filling conditions
图 10 第二分流口及部分输水廊道三维流场(泄水)
Figure 10. 3-D flow field of second diversion port and part of conveyance culvert (water emptying condition)
图 11 不同水位-流量工况下第二分流口水平剖面流场分布(单位：m/s)
Figure 11. Flow field distribution in the horizontal section under the condition of different water levels and flow rates (unit: m/s)
图 12 不同水位-流量工况下第二分流口压力分布(单位：Pa)
Figure 12. Pressure distribution under different water levels and flow rates (unit: Pa)
图 13 不同泄水工况下各分支廊道分流量对比
Figure 13. Comparison of flow rate of each corridor under different water release conditions
图 14 不同泄水工况下各出水支孔流量对比
Figure 14. Comparison of flow rate of each outlet hole under different water release conditions
表 1 典型测点压力特性对比验证
Table 1. Comparison of the pressure characteristics of typical measuring points
典型时刻的Q-H 数据来源 测点时均压力/m 相对误差/% 800 m3/s，30.6 m 数值模拟 28.52 0.85 模型试验 28.28 600 m3/s，25.4 m 数值模拟 20.80 1.36 模型试验 20.52 400 m3/s，22.5 m 数值模拟 15.16 -3.07 模型试验 15.64 
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