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Impacts of offshore complex environment factors on cracks in concrete piers
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摘要: 近海大体积混凝土结构所处的外界环境以及地质条件比较复杂，对于带裂缝水闸结构来说，因所处的地理位置、气候变化以及潮汐升降水位等因素的缘故，水闸闸墩裂缝处于张合状态，这降低了水闸结构的稳定性，甚至会影响水闸结构的寿命。沿海环境温度变化对混凝土裂缝宽度变化的实际监测分析，对于混凝土结构安全耐久性评价具有一定价值，依托典型软土地基永定新河防潮闸工程，利用测缝计对闸墩裂缝宽度变化进行健康监测。主要研究运行期环境因素(以空气温度、水温以及潮汐水位为主)对闸墩裂缝的影响，采用健康安全监测软件，通过对数据的挖掘处理，得出环境温度和水位是影响闸墩水下裂缝宽度变化的敏感性因素的结论，为以后水闸闸墩裂缝的安全维护和裂缝的预防提供思路。Abstract: The external environment and geological conditions of offshore mass concrete structure are quite complex. For the sluice structures with cracks, because of the geographical position, climate changes and tidal water level fluctuation, the cracks in the sluice pier are in a state of tension, which reduces the stability of the sluice structure and even affects their service life. The actual monitoring analysis of the changes in the coastal environment temperature has a certain value for the safety and durability evaluation of the concrete structures. Therefore, taking the Yongding New River sluice gate works placed on the typical soft soil foundation as a case history, the pier crack width is monitored by the crackmeter. The studies of influences of environmental factors during the period of operation (mainly atmospheric temperature, water temperature and tide level fluctuation) on the cracks of the piers are carried out in this paper. The health and safety monitoring software is adopted to process the measured data. From the analyses it is found that the environmental temperature and water level fluctuation are the sensitive factors affecting the variation of underwater crack width of the pier. The study provides a new idea for the safety maintenance and prevention of the cracks in the floodgate piers in the future.
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图 3 18#闸墩2号裂缝缝宽变化随温度变化曲线
Figure 3. Variation of No.2 seam crack width of Pier 18# with temperature
图 4 2014年9月14日典型闸墩裂缝缝宽与水位变化
Figure 4. Typical pier crack width and level change graph on September 14, 2014
图 5 19#闸墩2号裂缝缝宽变化随水位变化曲线
Figure 5. Change of No.2 seam crack width of Pier 19# with water level
表 1 混凝土裂缝分类标准
Table 1. Concrete crack classification standards
项目 裂缝类型 特性 裂缝宽度/mm 裂缝深度 水工混凝土 A类裂缝 龟裂或细微裂缝 δ＜0.2 h≤300 mm B类裂缝 表面或浅层裂缝 0.2≤δ＜0.3 300 mm＜h≤100 cm，且不超过结构宽度的1/4 C类裂缝 深层裂缝 0.3≤δ＜0.4 100 cm≤h＜200 cm，或大于结构厚度的1/4 D类裂缝 贯穿性裂缝 δ≥0.4 h≥200 cm或大于2/3结构厚度 
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