Email Alerts
RSS
Hydraulic characteristics and optimization of fishway combined with vertical slot and nature-like section
-
摘要: 仿自然鱼道和结构型鱼道结合布置而成的鱼道，既具有仿自然鱼道和结构式鱼道的优点，又能满足苛刻的地形条件。针对地盘子鱼道，在设计及优化方案下分别建立比尺为1:10的整体模型，通过实测两种方案下模型水流的水位、流速及流态，论证了设计方案的合理性及优化方案的优化效果。结果表明：竖缝式和仿自然式结合布置的鱼道内水流流态良好，结构段和仿自然段采用较大底坡比进行衔接对衔接段流态并无不利影响; 各溢流槽和竖缝平均流速基本保持在0.7~1.2 m/s，大流速区主要分布在衔接段及鱼道进口附近; 与设计方案相比，优化方案中过鱼设施结构段S52~S57断面竖缝宽度增大25%，池室消能率最大降低50%;仿自然鱼道段进口处水深由1.0 m增加至1.3 m，F63~F68断面流速最大降低52%，有效保障了过鱼条件。研究结果可为设计和建设复杂场地过鱼设施提供参考。Abstract: The fish passage facilities in combination with a nature-like fishway and a structural fishway have the advantages of the nature-like fishway and the structural fishway, and can also meet the harsh terrain conditions. In this paper, based on the design scheme and the optimization scheme, the overall model of 1:10 scale is respectively established for the Dipanzi fishway. The rationality of the design scheme and the optimized effects of the optimization scheme are demonstrated by measuring the water level, flow velocity and pattern of the two schemes. The model test analysis results show that the flow pattern in the fish passage facility with vertical slots and natural imitation is good, and there are no adverse impacts on the flow pattern in the joint section when the structure section and the nature-like section are connected by a larger bottom slope ratio; the average flow velocity of the overflow slots and vertical seams is basically kept within 0.7 and 1.2 m/s, and the high flow velocity area is mainly distributed near the connection section and the entrance of the fishway. Compared with the design scheme, the width of the vertical slots of the section S52-S57 of the structural section of the fish passage facility in the optimized scheme increases by 25%, and the energy dissipation rate of the fishway pool chamber decreases by 50%. The water depth at the entrance of the nature-like fishway section increases from 1.0 m to 1.3 m, while the maximum flow velocity along the F63-F68 section is reduced by 52%, which effectively guarantees the conditions for fish passage. The experimental research results can provide references for the design and construction of the fish passage facilities on the complex sites.
-
Key words:
- hydraulics /
- fishway /
- fish passage facility /
- physical model /
- flow pattern /
- hydraulic characteristics
-
图 2 鱼道结构段平面布置及仿自然段典型断面(单位：mm)
Figure 2. Plane layout of fishway structural section and typical section of imitated natural section (unit: mm)
图 3 设计方案鱼道流速及水面线沿程变化
Figure 3. Fishway velocity and water surface line variation of design scheme
图 4 结构段竖缝沿程各级池室消能率
Figure 4. Energy dissipation rate in fishway pool along longitudinal direction
图 7 优化方案典型断面横剖面示意(单位：mm)
Figure 7. Typical transverse cross-section of optimization scheme (unit: mm)
图 8 优化方案断面平均流速
Figure 8. Mean velocity of transverse cross-section of optimization scheme
图 9 优化方案结构段末端及仿自然段1#休息池下游水面线
Figure 9. Water surface line of structural section end and downstream of 1# rest pool of imitated natural section of optimization scheme
-
[1] 陈凯麒, 常仲农, 曹晓红, 等.我国鱼道的建设现状与展望[J].水利学报, 2012, 43(2): 182-188. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=hjyxpjdt201101001 CHEN Kaiqi, CHANG Zhongnong, CAO Xiaohong, et al. Status and prospection of fish pass construction in China[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2012, 43(2): 182-188. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=hjyxpjdt201101001 [2] LIU M, RAJARATNAM N, ZHU D. Mean flow and turbulence structure in vertical slot fishways[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006, 132(8): 765-777. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:8(765) [3] MURAOKA K, NAKANISHI S, KAYABA Y. Boulder arrangement on a rocky ramp fishway based on the swimming behavior of fish[J]. Limnologica, 2017, 62: 188-193. doi: 10.1016/j.limno.2017.02.004 [4] 王猛, 岳汉生, 史德亮, 等.仿自然型鱼道进出口布置试验研究[J].长江科学院院报, 2014, 31(1): 42-46, 52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5485.2014.01.009 WANG Meng, YUE Hansheng, SHI Deliang, et al. Model experiment on the layout of nature-like fishway's entrance and exit[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2014, 31(1): 42-46, 52. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5485.2014.01.009 [5] 李盛青, 丁晓文, 刘道明.仿自然过鱼通道综述[J].人民长江, 2014, 45(21): 70-73, 96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4179.2014.21.023 LI Shengqing, DING Xiaowen, LIU Daoming. Overview of nature-simulating fishway[J]. Yangtze River, 2014, 45(21): 70-73, 96. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4179.2014.21.023 [6] 王桂华, 夏自强, 吴瑶, 等.鱼道规划设计与建设的生态学方法研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报, 2007, 5(4): 7-12. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1144.2007.04.002 WANG Guihua, XIA Ziqiang, WU Yao, et al. Study on designing and building of fishways by using ecological way[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering[J], 2007, 5(4): 7-12. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1144.2007.04.002 [7] KOMURA S, KAZUSA S, HARA T. Naturally shaped fishway of the Nagara River estuary bar-rage[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Habitat Hydraulic, Quebec, Canada. June 1-5, 1996: B855-B860. [8] BOMBA M, ETINA M, NOVAK G. Study on flow characteristics in vertical slot fishways regarding slot layout optimization[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2017, 107: 126-136. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.07.008 [9] TRAN T D, CHORDA J, LAURENS P. Modelling nature-like fishway flow around unsubmerged obstacles using a 2D shallow water model[J]. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2016, 16(2): 413-428. doi: 10.1007/s10652-015-9430-3 [10] 刘志雄, 刘东, 周赤.异侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性研究[J].人民长江, 2011, 42(15): 66-78. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4179.2011.15.018 LIU Zhixiong, LIU Dong, ZHOU Chi. Study on hydraulic characteristics of different side vertical slit fishway[J]. Yangtze River, 2011, 42(15): 66-78. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4179.2011.15.018 [11] 刘本芹, 黄岳, 宣国祥.小长宽比鱼道池室水力学试验研究[J].水利水运工程学报, 2015(6): 101-106. http://slsygcxb.cnjournals.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=201506015&flag=1 LIU Benqin, HUANG Yue, XUAN Guoxiang. Hydraulic model tests of fishway with small-sized pond[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2015(6): 101-106. (in Chinese) http://slsygcxb.cnjournals.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=201506015&flag=1 [12] 何雨艨, 安瑞冬, 李嘉, 等.蛮石斜坡型仿自然鱼道水力学特性研究[J].水力发电学报, 2016, 35(10): 40-47. doi: 10.11660/slfdxb.20161005 HE Yumeng, AN Ruidong, LI Jia, et al. Hydraulic characteristics of nature-like fishways of rock-ramp type[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2016, 35(10): 40-47. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11660/slfdxb.20161005 [13] 林宁亚, 安瑞冬, 李嘉, 等.交错蛮石墙式仿自然鱼道水力学特性研究[J].水电能源科学, 2017, 35(12): 82-85, 9. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=sdnykx201712022 LIN Ningya, AN Ruidong, LI Jia, et al. Study on hydraulic characteristics of nature-like fishway of interlaced stonewall shape[J]. Water Resource and Power, 2017, 35(12): 82-85, 9. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=sdnykx201712022 [14] 高东红.三维鱼道水力特性及鱼体上溯行进能力数值模拟研究[D].大连: 大连理工大学, 2015. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10141-1015355340.htm GAO Donghong. Numerical simulation of hydraulic characteristics and upward-propagation ability of three dimensional fish channel[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2015. (in Chinese) http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10141-1015355340.htm [15] 徐进超, 王晓刚, 宣国祥, 等.仿自然鱼道整体物理模型试验研究[J].水科学进展, 2017(6): 1-9. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=skxjz201706009 XU Jinchao, WANG Xiaogang, XUAN Guoxiang, et al. Physical model test study on nature-like fishways[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2017(6): 1-9. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=skxjz201706009 [16] LARINIER M, TRAVADE F, PORCHER J P. Fishways: biological basis, design criteria and monitoring[M]. Bull: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, DVWK, 2002. [17] SL 609—2013水利水电工程鱼道设计导则[S]. SL 609—2013 Guideline for fishway in water conservancy and hydropower project[S]. (in Chinese) -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(10)
计量
- 文章访问数: 382
- HTML全文浏览量: 279
- PDF下载量: 15
- 被引次数: 0
