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Exploratory research on rebuilding tidal bore in the Jiuxi reach of the Qiantang River in the project practice
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摘要: 为保护钱塘江涌潮景观、减小涌潮危害，重塑钱塘江九溪涌潮，变潮害为潮景，使涌潮可赏、可控、安全。应用KFVS格式建立二维涌潮数学模型，在实测水文资料验证的基础上，计算优化方案实施前后的流场及涌潮传播特性，从构筑物近区涌潮高度、涌高明显的岸线长度和涌高明显的区域面积等3个指标综合评判涌潮重塑效果。通过物理模型试验，模拟涌潮的形成与传播过程，分析比较各方案实施前后工程区域附近涌潮传播过程的壅高、越堤等变化情况，进一步验证了重塑效果。研究结果表明，通过优化工程布局，采取工程措施，钱塘江九溪涌潮重塑具有可行性，既能保留九溪涌潮特性，又能实现安全观潮。Abstract: Taking the protection of the tidal bore landscape and the reduction of its flood hazards into consideration, it is proposed to rebuild the tidal bore in the Jiuxi reach of the Qiantang River so as to improve the landscape. The tidal bore will thus be viewable, controllable and safe. On the basis of measured and verified hydrological data, by using a 2D numerical model of the tidal bore based on the application of KFVS (kinetic flux vector splitting) format, the flow field before & after the project and the characteristics of the tidal bore propagation are simulated; a comprehensive evaluation is made of the rebuilding effect of the tidal bore based on the three factors which are the height of the tidal bore near the structures, the length of the coastline and the regional area where the obvious surge height exists. The physical model test to simulate the tidal bore formation and propagation is also applied in order to verify the effect of the rebuilding. Analysis and comparisons are conducted on the pre-and post-project conditions of run up height and overtopping among all the optimized schemes to further support the results of rebuilding the tidal bore. It is found that by optimizing the project layout and taking project measures, rebuilding the tidal bore in the Jiuxi reach of the Qiantang River is feasible. The characteristics of the Jiuxi tidal bore can be reserved and viewing the tide safely can be achieved in the meantime.
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Key words:
- Qiantang River /
- tidal bore /
- KFVS format /
- physical model /
- rebuilding tidal bore
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图 4 方案2实施前后的涌潮高度平面分布(1%潮差保证率)
Figure 4. Horizontal distribution of tidal bore surge height before & after the second optimization scheme while cumulated frequency of tidal range is 1%
图 6 喇叭形湾顶下沿程壅高变化试验成果
Figure 6. Physical model experiments' results of the change of run up height at the trumpet vault
表 1 各方案涌潮重塑计算成果
Table 1. Calculation results of rebuilding tidal bore
方案 1%潮差保证率 20%潮差保证率 工程区涌潮高度/m 涌高≥0.9 m的岸线长度/m 涌高≥0.9 m的范围/m2 评分 工程区涌潮高度/m 涌高≥0.7 m的岸线长度/m 涌高≥0.7 m的范围/m2 评分 现状 1.49 925 54 088 1.00 1.18 948 59 622 1.00 方案1 0.96 212 6 555 0.36 0.75 236 8 629 0.37 方案2 1.45 327 14 146 0.57 1.10 425 18 152 0.60 方案3 1.11 383 15 273 0.51 0.89 408 18 002 0.52 
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表 2 闸前(弯顶)最大壅高比较(低潮位4.0 m)
Table 2. Comparison of maximum run up height before the sluice or the trumpet vault while the low tidal level is four meters
涌潮高度/m 现状壅高/m 各方案壅高/m 方案1 方案2 方案3 1.4 9.02 8.09 11.13 10.69 2.1 11.41 10.20 13.27 12.57 2.6 13.80 11.00 17.55 15.49 3.0 16.31 12.40 18.86 15.85
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