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Identifying sediment sources in Wudinghe River during "7.26" flood in 2017
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摘要: 2017年7月25—26日无定河流域降大到暴雨，支流大理河发生建站以来的最大洪水，无定河下游形成高含沙洪水。为深入认识“7.26”暴雨无定河流域产沙和输沙等情况，选择典型小流域进行了侵蚀调查和淤地坝拦沙观测，对城区淤积及河道冲刷进行了调查和测量，采用不同方法对坡面和沟谷产沙进行分析。结果表明，无定河“2017.7.26”暴雨分布集中，单站最大24 h降雨量近100年一遇，无定河白家川水文站洪峰流量为建站以来第二大值，相应最大含沙量873 kg/m3; 洪水期输沙量64.1%来自大理河流域; 以闷葫芦淤地坝拦沙分析为依据，推算“2017.7.26”暴雨期无定河流域侵蚀产沙量约为1.249亿t，其中70%~85%来自沟谷坡，在泥沙沿程输移过程中，淤地坝拦沙对减少河道输沙入黄起重要作用。Abstract: On July 25-26, 2017, a rainstorm fell in the Wudinghe River watershed, where the largest flood occurred since monitoring in the Dalihe River, a tributary of the Wudinghe River. A hyperconcentrated flood was generated downstream of the Wudinghe River. To understand the sediment yield and transport in the Wudinghe River watershed during the rainstorm, a typical small catchment was selected to survey soil erosion and monitor sediment retaining of the check dam, as well as urban area siltation and channel scouring, with analysis of sediment yield at slopes and gullies by various approaches. Rainstorm concentrated locally with 24 hours maximum precipitation reached 100-year frequency. Baiwenchuan Hydraulic Station recorded the second maximum flood discharge since its establishment, with an extremum 873 kg/m3 sediment concentration. 64.1% of sediment came from the Dalihe River watershed during the flood. Taking Mehulu check dam as an example, the sediment yield of the Wudinghe River watershed was about 0.124 9 billion ton with 70% ~85% from gully slopes. Check dams played a key role in reduction of sediment transport into the Yellow River.
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图 1 无定河流域典型站“7.26”暴雨累计降雨过程线
Figure 1. Cumulative rainfall process line of "7.26" rainstorm at typical Wudinghe River watershed weather stations
图 2 黄河中游“7.26”洪水对应降雨量等值线
Figure 2. Precipitation contour of "7.26" rainstorm at middle Yellow River watershed
图 5 绥德站洪水输沙关系
Figure 5. Relationship between flood and sediment transport of Suide station
图 6 无定河南部闷葫芦淤地坝拦沙模数与暴雨量关系
Figure 6. Sediment yield and rainfall relationship at Menhulu check dam of southern Wudinghe River watershed
图 7 无定河流域南部土壤侵蚀强度(计算值)分布
Figure 7. Soil erosion intensity contour of southern Wudinghe River watershed
图 8 黄土丘陵区径流和泥沙来源分区
Figure 8. Division of loess hilly area for runoff and sediment source
表 1 洪水期无定河输沙量来源组成
Table 1. Sediment source compositions of Wudinghe River during flood
河名 水文站/区间 控制面积/km2 输沙量/万t 输沙量占白家川站百分数/% 备注 大理河 绥德站 3 893 4 969 64.1 洪沙关系推算 城区 绥德、子州县城区淤积 -273 -3.5 调查、测量 无定河 丁家沟站 3 949 1 151 14.8 实测 丁家沟—白家川河道 421 5.4 调查、测量 丁、绥、白家川无控区 1 959 1 488 19.2 平衡计算 白家川站 9 801① 7 756 100 实测 注：①为暴雨量50 mm以上的黄土区面积。 
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