Email Alerts
RSS
Experimental study on impact of revetments on extreme wave propagation characteristics on coral reefs
-
摘要: 极端波浪要素是珊瑚岛礁护岸工程设计的重要参数。利用大比尺波浪水槽，采用1: 15的模型比尺开展试验，从波浪形态、增水、波速、波谱等方面研究了珊瑚岛礁护岸对礁坪上极端波浪传播特性的影响规律。护岸工程产生了明显的阻水效应：对于波浪形态，反射波的影响使得波浪在礁缘破碎更为剧烈; 显著增加了礁坪增水，最大增水值是自然地形下的4倍，影响在波周期较短时更为显著; 减小了波速约20%~35%，其影响随波周期的减小而增强; 对于波谱，护岸的存在使得波浪的非线性相互作用更加复杂，降低了波浪在礁缘处的主频能量，但同时增大了礁坪上的主频及高频能量; 护岸距礁缘距离对堤前水位具有重要影响，随该距离的增加，堤前时均水位先增加后降低。Abstract: Extreme wave is the key parameter for engineering design on reefs. In this research, a 1: 15 physical model is used to study the influences of revetments on extreme wave propagation characteristics in a large wave flume of Tianjin Research Institute for Water and Transport Engineering. Wave shape, wave setup, wave celerity and wave spectrum are analyzed. The experimental results show that construction of revetment has notable water-blocking effect. From the aspect of wave shape, the influence of reflection wave makes waves break more intensely at the reef edge. Wave setup increases significantly on the reef with revetment than without revetment. The maximum wave setup is 4 times of that of the natural reef. The influences of revetment on wave setup become more significant as wave period decreases. Wave celerity decreases by 20% ~35% after construction of revetment. Regarding the spectrum, the existence of revetment makes the nonlinear interaction of waves more complex. The peak frequency energy of waves at the reef edge is lower, but the main frequency and high frequency energy on the reef flat are higher. In addition, the influence of the distance of the revetment from the reef edge on the water level in front of the revetment is studied. With the increase of the distance, the average water level in front of the revetment increases firstly and then decreases.
-
Key words:
- reefs /
- revetment /
- wave setup /
- wave celerity /
- wave spectrum /
-
图 3 试验传感器布置(试验地形中护岸离礁缘15 m)
Figure 3. Experimental sensor arrangement (revetment is placed 15 m away from the reef edge)
图 5 深水处的入射波(Hi)和反射波(Hr)波高
Figure 5. Wave height of incident wave(Hi) and reflected wave(Hr) in deep water
图 6 波浪传播形态(红线是波浪破碎带宽度，蓝线为护岸位置，箭头表示波浪传播方向)
Figure 6. Wave propagation pattern (Red line is the wave fracture zone width, the blue line is for breakwater, the arrows represent wave propagation direction)
图 7 不同位置波面过程线(h=3.0 m, Hi=10.7 m, T=11.62 s)
Figure 7. Different locations' wave process lines (h=3.0 m, Hi=10.7 m, T=11.62 s)
图 8 有护岸(Y，S=150 m)和无护岸(N)时的礁坪最大增水对比
Figure 8. Comparison of the maximum wave setup in reef flat with revetment (Y, S=150 m) and without revetment (N)
图 9 有护岸(Y，S=150 m)和无护岸(N)时不同周期的礁坪增水差值
Figure 9. Differences of water level setup on the reef flat for different wave periods with revetment (Y, S=150 m) and without revetment (N)
图 10 礁坪最大增水实测值与Gourlay公式计算结果的对比(T=15.49 s)
Figure 10. Comparison between measured water maximum increase in reef flat and Gourlay formula (T=15.49 s)
图 12 不同工况的礁坪上平均波速随入射波高的关系(N：无护岸，Y：有护岸S=150 m)
Figure 12. Relationship between average wave celerity and incident wave height on reef flat under different wave conditions (N: no revetment, Y: revetment S=150 m)
图 13 不同工况下护岸对波速的减小程度
Figure 13. Wave celerity reduction under different wave conditions
图 14 有护岸(Y，S=150 m)和无护岸(N)珊瑚礁礁坪上不同位置的波谱(h=3.0 m，Hi=6.0 m，T=15.49 s)
Figure 14. Comparison of wave spectrums at different locations on coral reef flat with (S=150 m) and without revetment (h =3.0 m, Hi=6.0 m, T=15.49 s)
图 15 S=150 m时不同周期下的堤前时均水位
Figure 15. The average water level before the dike in different periods(S=150 m)
图 16 T=11.62 s，h=3.0 m时不同距离下的堤前时均水位
Figure 16. The average water level in front of the dike at different distances (T=11.62 s and h=3.0 m)
表 1 试验组次
Table 1. Experimental group
数值 护岸与礁缘之间距离/m 波高/m 周期/s 深水区水深/m 礁坪水深/m 礁缘水深/m 干舷高度/m 深水波长/m 模型值 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 0.3, 0.4,
0.5, 0.6,
0.7, 0.83.0, 3.5,
4.0, 4.55 0, 0.1, 0.2 0.2, 0.3,
0.40.6, 0.5,
0.414.04, 19.11, 24.96，
31.59原型值 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 4.5, 6.0,
7.5, 9.0,
10.5, 12.011.62, 13.56,
15.49, 17.4375 0, 1.5, 3.0 3.0, 4.5,
6.09.0, 7.5,
6.0210.60, 286.65,
374.40，473.85
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 徐承德, 冯守珍.岛礁类型划分及可持续发展探讨[J].海岸工程, 2008, 27(3): 47-52. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hagc200803007 XU Chengde, FENG Shouzhen. Divisions of island-reef types and discussion on national long-term continued development[J]. Coastal Engineering, 2008, 27(3): 47-52. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hagc200803007 [2] GOURLAY M R. Wave set-up on coral reefs. 1. set-up and wave-generated flow on an idealised two dimensional horizontal reef[J]. Coastal Engineering, 1996, 27(3/4): 161-93. [3] GOURLAY M R. Wave set-up on coral reefs. 2. set-up on reefs with various profiles[J]. Coastal Engineering, 1996, 28(1/4): 17-55. [4] YAO Y, HUANG Z H, MONISMITH S G, et al. Characteristics of monochromatic waves breaking over fringing reefs[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 2013, 29(1): 94-104. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=d0edb8fd4b655edde43598131872c1a8 [5] YAO Y, ZHANG Q M, CHEN S G, et al. Effects of reef morphology variations on wave processes over fringing reefs[J]. Applied Ocean Research, 2019, 82: 52-62. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=a553f1724126fa1b95cb5e7cdeb6c1b2 [6] HENCH J L, LEICHTER J J, MONISMITH S G. Episodic circulation and exchange in a wave-driven coral reef and lagoon system[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2008, 53(6): 2681-2694. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=aa76b906774d6376e99fef44831db800 [7] MONISMITH S G, HERDMAN L M M, AHMERKAMP S, et al. Wave transformation and wave-driven flow across a steep coral reef[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2013, 43(7): 1356-1379. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=9128e5c5d65e424f2163304ba580a5a3 [8] 赵子丹, 张庆河, 刘海青.波浪在珊瑚礁及台阶式地形上的传播[J].海洋通报, 1995, 14(4): 1-10. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK199500234123 ZHAO Zidan, ZHANG Qinghe, LIU Haiqing. Wave transformation on coral reefs and submerged steps[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 1995, 14(4): 1-10. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK199500234123 [9] 张庆河, 刘海青.波浪在台阶地形上的破碎[J].天津大学学报, 1999, 32(2): 204-207. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK199900660360 ZHANG Qinghe, LIU Haiqing. Wave breaking on a submerged step[J]. Journal of Tianjin University, 1999, 32(2): 204-207. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK199900660360 [10] SHI J, ZHANG C, ZHENG J H, et al. Modelling wave breaking across coral reefs using a non-hydrostatic model[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 2018, 85(Suppl1): 501-505. [11] 姚宇, 杜睿超, 蒋昌波, 等.礁冠宽度对珊瑚礁坪波浪增水影响的实验研究[J].海洋通报, 2017, 36(3): 340-347. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hytb201703013 YAO Yu, DU Ruichao, JIANG Changbo, et al. Experimental study of the effect of reef-crest width on wave-induced set-up over the reef flat[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2017, 36(3): 340-347. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hytb201703013 [12] 任冰, 唐洁, 王国玉, 等.规则波在岛礁地形上传播变化特性的试验[J].科学通报, 2018, 63(5/6): 590-600. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=kxtb201805011 REN Bing, TANG Jie, WANG Guoyu, et al. Experimental investigation of monochromatic wave transformation characteristics over the coral reefs[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(5/6): 590-600. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=kxtb201805011 [13] 李绍武, 胡传越, 柳叶.不规则波在岸礁地形增水变化规律试验[J].水科学进展, 2019, 30(4): 581-588. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/skxjz201904013 LI Shaowu, HU Chuanyue, LIU Ye. Experimental investigation on set-up of irregular waves over fringing reef flat[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2019, 30(4): 581-588. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/skxjz201904013 [14] 陈松贵, 张华庆, 陈汉宝, 等.不规则波在筑堤珊瑚礁上传播的大水槽实验研究[J].海洋通报, 2018, 37(5): 576-582. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hytb201805011 CHEN Songgui, ZHANG Huaqing, CHEN Hanbao, et al. Experimental study of irregular wave transformation on reefs with seawalls in large wave flume[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2018, 37(5): 576-582. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hytb201805011 [15] 陈松贵, 陈汉宝, 赵洪波, 等.珊瑚礁地形上胸墙波浪力大水槽试验[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 47(1): 65-70. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hhdxxb201901010 CHEN Songgui, CHEN Hanbao, ZHAO Hongbo, et al. Experimental study of wave forces on the seawall of coral reef in large wave flume[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences), 2019, 47(1): 65-70. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hhdxxb201901010 [16] 陈松贵, 王泽明, 张弛, 等.珊瑚礁地形上直立式防浪堤越浪大水槽实验[J].科学通报, 2019, 64(增刊2): 3049-3058. CHEN Songgui, WANG Zeming, ZHANG Chi, et al. Experimental study on wave overtopping of a vertical seawall on coral reefs in large wave flume[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2019, 64(Suppl2): 3049-3058. (in Chinese) [17] SUN H, WANG Y, PENG J.Hilbert transform applied to separation of waves[J]. China Ocean Engineering, 2002, 16(2):239-248. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zghygc-e200202009 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 471
- HTML全文浏览量: 221
- PDF下载量: 20
- 被引次数: 0
