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Spectrum analysis method for assessing water use efficiency
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摘要: 水资源高效利用是缺水地区缓解水资源供需矛盾的关键措施之一，评价一个国家或地区的水资源利用效率，是水资源管理需要解决的基础科学问题。现有的水资源利用效率评价指标主要有万元GDP用水量、农业灌溉水利用系数等，这些指标表征了一个国家或地区的综合用水水平，不能反映区域内部用水效率的不均衡性，也无法表达不同用水效率水平所支撑的经济体量，因此不能识别低效用水对象，难以对低效用水对象进行精准调控。水资源利用效率频谱分析方法基于伽玛函数解析了不同用水效率及其对应的经济规模，进而计算不同用水效率对应的经济体量占经济总量的比例(类似于概率密度)，绘制水资源利用效率频谱图。基于1998—2016年的我国分省区万元GDP用水量及其对应的GDP数据绘制了水资源利用效率频谱曲线，揭示了我国区域水资源利用效率的演变趋势。水资源利用效率频谱分析方法通过解析水资源利用效率及其对应的概率密度分布，揭示了区域内部用水效率的不均衡性，可为水资源管理和高效利用精准调控提供科学基础。Abstract: Efficient utilization of water resources is one of the key measures to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the water-deficient areas. Therefore, how to evaluate the utilization efficiency of water resources in a country or a region is a basic scientific problem to be solved in water resources management. Existing water resources utilization efficiency evaluation indicators mainly include water consumption per ten-thousand-yuan GDP, agricultural irrigation water utilization coefficient and so on. However, these indicators represent the comprehensive water use level of a country or a region. They cannot reflect the imbalance of water use efficiency within the region, nor can they express the economic volume supported by different water use efficiency levels. Therefore, they cannot identify low-efficiency water users and it is difficult to make precise regulation for the low-efficiency water users. This paper presents a spectrum analysis method for water resources utilization efficiency. Based on the Gamma function, this study analyzes the different water use efficiency and its corresponding economic scale, and then calculates the proportion of the economic volume corresponding to different water use efficiency to the total economic volume (as the probability density) and draws the spectrum curves of water use efficiency. Using this method, the research on the spectrum of water resources utilization efficiency in China is carried out. Based on the water consumption per ten-thousand-yuan GDP in different provinces and corresponding GDP data from 1998 to 2016, the spectrum curves of water resources utilization efficiency are drawn, and the evolution trend of regional water resources utilization efficiency in China is revealed. The spectrum analysis method of water use efficiency reflects the imbalance of water use efficiency within the region by analyzing the distribution of water use efficiency and its corresponding probability density, which can provide a scientific basis for water resources management and precise regulation of efficient utilization.
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图 1 全国GDP体量及平均万元GDP用水量变化
Figure 1. Changes of total amount of GDP and water consumption of average ten thousand yuan GDP in China
图 2 1998—2016年水资源利用效率频谱曲线簇
Figure 2. Frequency spectrum curve cluster of water resources utilization efficiency from 1998 to 2016
图 3 2000—2016年平均万元GDP用水量空间分布
Figure 3. Spatial distribution of average ten thousand yuan GDP water consumption in 2000—2016
图 4 京津冀地区水资源利用效率在频谱图中分布
Figure 4. Distribution of water resources utilization efficiency in the spectrum of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
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